湖南省石门县中华秋沙鸭越冬种群现状与保护对策  

Population Situation and Conservation Measurements forWintering Mergus squamatus in Shimen County, Hunan Province

作　　者：李子杰 康祖杰 贺春容 杨存存 于桂清 张志强[2] LI Zijie;KANG Zujie;HE Chunrong;YANG Cuncun;YU Guiqing;ZHANG Zhiqiang(Management Bureau of Hunan Hupingshan National Nature Reserve,Changde 415319,Hunan,P.R.China;Institute of Wildlife Conservation,Central South University of Forestry&Technology,Changsha 410004,Hunan,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]湖南壶瓶山国家级自然保护区管理局,湖南常德415319 [2]中南林业科技大学野生动植物保护研究所,湖南长沙410004

出　　处：《湿地科学》2020年第3期257-265,共9页Wetland Science

基　　金：阿拉善环境基金项目(20183369);中央财政林业改革发展资金项目(2019298)资助。

摘　　要：了解珍稀濒危物种的种群数量和栖息地特征,是实施物种保护与种群恢复的基础。分别于2017年1月、2018年1月和2019年1月,对石门县中华秋沙鸭(Mergus squamatus)越冬种群数量及其栖息地进行了调查和观测。研究期间,共记录中华秋沙鸭268只,其中,有雄性中华秋沙鸭145只,雌性中华秋沙鸭123只,雌雄比为1∶1.179;2017年1月、2018年1月和2019年1月,分别记录了76只(占当年在湖南省内越冬的中华秋沙鸭种群总数量的42%)、92只(占60%)和100只(占51%)中华秋沙鸭。研究结果表明,在石门县越冬的中华秋沙鸭偏向选择低海拔、水体清澈、石质水底、缓流、水面相对较窄、水较浅和人类活动干扰少的河流作为栖息地,大多数河流沿岸紧临山林地或悬崖峭壁。目前,在石门县,干扰中华秋沙鸭越冬种群和栖息地的人类活动主要为河道采砂、捕鱼、水电站、公路建设和捕鸟等。在石门县越冬的中华秋沙鸭种群数量逐年呈增加趋势,石门县已经成为湖南省该物种越冬种群数量最多的一处重要越冬地。最后,建议加强多部门合作与执法力度,关停河道上的采砂场,禁止非法捕鱼,调节水电站冬季蓄水,营造中华秋沙鸭越冬适宜栖息地景观格局;同时,建议县政府和野生动物保护主管部门提高对越冬中华秋沙鸭的保护意识,加大保护科普宣教工作,持续开展对越冬中华秋沙鸭的科研与监测工作。Species conservation and population restoration programs must be based on understanding population size and habitat characteristics for rare and endangered species. Population situation and habitat characteristics of wintering Scaly-sided Merganser(Mergus squamatus) were surveyed and monitored in Shimen county, Hunan province, from January 2017 to January 2019. A total of 268 Scaly-sided Mergansers were observed, including 145 males and 123 females and constituting a sex ratio of 1∶1.179, among three wintering periods. By the year, population sizes of Scaly-sided Merganser were 76, 83 and 100 individuals,respectively, occupying 42%, 60% and 51% of this species population sizes in Hunan province from 2017 to2019. The results showed that Scaly-sided Merganser preferred to selected rivers with low altitude, limpid water, stony bottom, streaming flow, relatively narrow and shallow water, and few human disturbance. Most of rivers were close to forest, shrub and steep hill, during the wintering period in Shimen. At present, factors of human disturbance to wintering population and habitat were mainly caused by river sand mining, fishing,hydropower station, highway construction, and catching birds. These factors had become the most important threated to Scaly-sided Merganser in local. At present, population size of wintering Scaly-sided Merganser,the most important population in Hunan Province, had been increasing in Shimen year by year. Finally,several conservation measurements were given, i.e. among departments should strengthen cooperation and law enforcement to close sand-mining sites on the river, prohibit illegal fishing, regulate water storage of hydropower stations in winter, and create a landscape pattern of suitable habitat for wintering Scaly-sided Merganser;government and wildlife conservation department should enhance conservation consciousness for Scaly-sided Merganser by increasing popularization and education on bird conservation;and local researchers should conduct monitor continuously.

关 键 词：中华秋沙鸭 越冬种群 栖息地特征 保护对策 石门县 

分 类 号：Q959.7[生物学—动物学]