新型生物强化A^2/O系统在苯胺废水处理中的应用  

Application of a new biologically enhanced A^2/O system in aniline wastewater treatment

作　　者：陈恺[1] 任龙飞[1] 蔡浩东 邵嘉慧[1] 李彭 张小凡[1] 何义亮[1] CHEN Kai;REN Longfei;CAI Haodong;SHAO Jiahui;LI Peng;ZHANG Xiaofan;HE Yiliang(School of Environment Science and Engineering,Shanghai Jiaotong University,Shanghai 200240,China;School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering,Lanzhou Jiaotong University,Lanzhou 730070,China)

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学环境科学与工程学院,上海200240 [2]兰州交通大学环境与市政工程学院,兰州730070

出　　处：《环境工程学报》2020年第7期1808-1816,共9页Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering

基　　金：国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2017ZX07202)。

摘　　要：针对常规A2/O系统中污泥菌群泥龄不平衡、易受有毒物质毒害而难以有效处理苯胺类废水的问题,采用经驯化并固定的包埋菌对A2/O系统进行强化。考察了常规A2/O系统和生物强化A2/O系统对氨氮(NH4+-N)、总氮(TN)、化学需氧量(COD)的去除效能,且研究了强化前后系统微生物的响应情况。结果表明:随着常规A2/O系统随进水中苯胺组分的提高,脱氮能力明显下降,TN去除率由76.46%下降到34.28%,NH4+-N去除率由97.63%下降到31.82%;在包埋菌强化后,A2/O系统TN和NH4+-N去除率分别恢复至73.09%和93.30%,同时能有效处理60 mg·L-1苯胺。污泥微生物响应结果显示,生物强化A2/O系统中活性污泥的比好氧呼吸速率(SOUR)和胞外聚合物(EPS)含量明显上升,说明污泥活性增强,抵御有毒物质能力提高。污泥微生物在属水平上,Zoogloea(动胶菌属)、Flavobacterium(黄杆菌属)和Brevundimonas(短波单胞菌属)等具有硝化和反硝化功能的菌属在强化后的相对丰度增加,这表明系统脱氮能力得到增强。生物强化A2/O系统实现了苯胺类工业废水的有效处理,可为工程应用提供参考。The activated sludge in conventional A2/O system is difficult to effectively treat aniline wastewater since it has unbalanced retention time and is easily subjected to the toxicity of pollutants. In this study, the acclimatized and immobilized bacteria were adopted to strengthen A2/O system. The removal performances of ammonia nitrogen(NH4+-N), total nitrogen(TN), chemical oxygen demand(COD) by both the conventional and enhanced A2/O systems were studied, as well as the microbial response the system before and after the enhancement. The results showed that the nitrogen removal efficiency of the conventional A2/O system decreased significantly with the increase of aniline content in influent, TN removal rate decreased from 76.46%NH4+-N removal rate decreased from 97.63% to 31.82%. After enhancement by immobilized bacteria, TN and NH4+-N removal rates were restored to 73.09% and 93.30%, respectively, and the A2/O system could effectively treat 60 mg·L-1 aniline simultaneously. The results of the microbial response in activated sludge indicated that the specific oxygen uptake rate(SOUR) and extracellular polymeric substances(EPS)increased significantly in the biologically enhanced A2/O system, suggesting that the sludge activity and the ability to defense toxic substance were improved. At the genus level, the relative abundance of bacteria, such as Zoogloea, Flavobacterium, Brevundimonas which possess nitrifying and denitrifying functions, increased after enhancement, and the nitrogen removal ability of the system was enhanced significantly. The enhanced A2/O with immobilized bacteria realized the effective treatment of aniline wastewater, which provided technical support for engineering applications.

关 键 词：苯胺废水 A^2/O 生物强化 污染物去除 微生物响应 

分 类 号：X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程]