认知能力、信贷与农户多维贫困  

Cognitive Abilities,Credit and Multidimensional Poverty of Farmers

作　　者：张子豪[1] 谭燕芝[1] ZHANG Zihao;TAN Yanzhi

机构地区：[1]湘潭大学商学院,湘潭411105

出　　处：《农业技术经济》2020年第8期54-68,共15页Journal of Agrotechnical Economics

摘　　要：现阶段我国的精准脱贫已经进入攻坚时期,贫困者内生的认知能力与外部的信贷支持成为农户多维贫困脱贫的重要突破口。本文利用中国家庭追踪调查数据(CFPS),在构建农户多维贫困指标体系的基础上,运用中介效应模型与包含工具变量的有序Probit模型(IV Ordered Probit),实证检验了认知能力、信贷与农户多维贫困之间的影响及作用机制。研究结果表明:第一,认知能力的提升会带来农户多维贫困状况的改善,但在深层次贫困的农户中,认知能力提升带来的边际效应呈现递减趋势;第二,认知能力的三个具体维度字词能力、数字能力与记忆能力均能显著改善农户的多维贫困状态;第三,认知能力对农户的各类信贷均具有显著的正向影响,且在正规信贷获取的作用上要大于非正规信贷;第四,认知能力改善农户多维贫困过程中的主要传导机制是通过增加农户信贷获取进而实现脱贫。这意味着在我国扶贫开发的实践过程中,贫困者内生认知能力的开发与外部的信贷支持同样重要。Precision poverty alleviation of China has entered a critical period at present. The endogenous cognitive ability and external credit support are important ways for farmers to overcome multidimensional poverty. By constructing the multidimensional poverty evaluation system of China Family Panel Studies(CFPS) data, this paper using the Mediation Effect Model and Ordered Probit Model with instrumental variables(IV Ordered Probit) to examine the impact and mechanism of cognitive ability, credit and multidimensional poverty. We first find that cognitive ability can significantly improve the multidimensional poverty of farmers, the enhance of cognitive ability has a marginal decreasing effect among farmers in deep poverty. Secondly, the specific dimensions of cognitive ability, verbal ability, numerical ability and memory ability can significantly improve farmer`s multidimensional poverty. Thirdly, cognitive ability has a significant positive effect on all kinds of credit of peasant households, and the role of formal credit acquisition is greater than informal credit. Fourth, cognitive ability improves multidimensional poverty by increasing farmers’ ability to get credit. This means that the development of the poor’s endogenous cognitive ability and external credit support is equally important in the practice of poverty alleviation.

关 键 词：认知能力 信贷 多维贫困 

分 类 号：F323.8[经济管理—产业经济] F832.43