“市民化”之后:户籍变更能否消除工资歧视  

After“Citizenization”:CanHousehold Register Changes Eliminate Wage Discrimination?

作　　者：许岩 付小鹏[2] 宋瑛 XU Yan;FU Xiaopeng;SONG Ying

机构地区：[1]重庆工商大学长江上游经济研究中心,重庆400067 [2]重庆大学公共管理学院,重庆400044

出　　处：《农业技术经济》2020年第8期82-100,共19页Journal of Agrotechnical Economics

基　　金：重庆市社科规划博士项目(编号:2018BS65);国家社科基金西部项目(编号:15XRK003)。

摘　　要：户籍歧视是一个非常具有中国特色的社会问题。那么,目前中国正在积极推进的“市民化”改革能否消除针对农业转移人口的工资歧视呢?本文利用中国家庭收入调查数据(CHIP),通过引入一种改进型Rubinstein模型并采用倾向得分匹配(PSM)的识别策略,从理论和实证上回答了上述问题。研究结果表明:户籍变更并不能在短时间内消除工资歧视,即使在农业转移人口获得城市户籍之后,劳动力市场上依然存在针对“农转非”群体的工资歧视;就整个“农转非”群体而言,随着近年来城市落户门槛的逐步松动,他们受到的工资歧视整体上有逐渐增强的趋势;从劳动者的个体角度来看,虽然“农转非”劳动者受到的工资歧视会随着其落户年限的增加而逐渐得到弥合,但是过程比较缓慢;在不同城市和不同户口来源的条件下,“农转非”居民受到的工资歧视具有明显的异质性特征:城市规模越大,工资歧视现象越严重;政策性“农转非”居民受到的工资歧视更加严重。Household register discrimination is a social issue with Chinese characteristics. Whether the "Citizenization" reform which being promoted by the Chinese government can eliminate the wage discrimination suffered by rural migrants? Based on a modified Rubinstein model, this paper analyzes the above question theoretically and empirically by using a dataset from the Chinese Household Income Projects(CHIP) and propensity score matching(PSM). The results indicate that the change in household registration can not eliminate wage discrimination in the short run. Even after the rural migrants obtain urban hukou, there is still wage discrimination against "urban hukou obtainers " in the labor market. From the group perspective, with the loosening of the settlement threshold of urban in recent years, the discrimination suffered by "urban hukou obtainers" tended to increase. From the individual perspective of the labor force, wage discrimination will gradually disappear as settlement time increases, but the process is very slow. Wage discrimination against the urbanized population is clearly heterogeneous across cities;larger cities display stronger wage discrimination effects. In addition, the wage discrimination suffered by policy-oriented "urban hukou obtainers" is more serious.

关 键 词：市民化 户籍变更 工资歧视 倾向得分匹配 

分 类 号：F323.6[经济管理—产业经济] F249.24[政治法律—政治学] D631.42[政治法律—中外政治制度] F299.2