河套灌区向日葵沟膜垄植抗旱种植技术的生态效应  

Ecological effect for sunflowers furrow film ridge drought-resistant planting technique in Hetao Irrigated Area

作　　者：杜超[1] 温埃清[1] 李军[1] 邬雪瑞 王刚[1] 张俊峰[1] 任志远[1] 贾志平[1] 马忠林 温瑞强 DU Chao;WEN Aiqing;LI Jun;WU Xuerui;WANG Gang;ZHANG Junfeng;REN Zhiyuan;JIA Zhiping;MA Zhonglin;WEN Ruiqiang(Bayannur Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences,Linhe 015000,China)

机构地区：[1]巴彦淖尔市农牧业科学研究院,内蒙古临河015000

出　　处：《北方农业学报》2020年第3期55-59,共5页Journal of Northern Agriculture

基　　金：国家特色油料产业技术体系项目(CARS-14-2-08);巴彦淖尔市科技成果转化资助项目。

摘　　要：【目的】解决河套灌区向日葵生育期灌水后易造成倒伏及盐碱地灌水后易造成死苗,但不灌水又导致受旱、易造成列当寄生,从而造成减产的问题。【方法】试验采用机械一次性开沟、施肥、地膜覆盖沟底至坡顶,将种子播于坡肩的沟膜垄植种植方式,对照为常规平作,随机排列。【结果】沟膜垄植比常规平作,轻度盐碱地向日葵生育期0~30 cm根层地温提高0.7~2.3℃,0~30 cm根层土壤含水量提高8.36%~13.28%,向日葵灌浆期根系水平分布直径和垂直深度分别提高26.92%、30.68%,根系鲜重提高81.23%,在向日葵生育期补灌水的轻度盐碱地倒伏率降低21.66个百分点;列当轻度发生地列当出土推迟20 d,防效54.1%;中度盐碱地向日葵生育期0~20 cm根层平均土壤脱盐率提高18.53%,出苗率和保苗率分别提高12和16个百分点。在向日葵生育期补灌水的轻度盐碱地、列当轻度发生地、中度盐碱地分别增产16.07%、20.58%、29.17%。【结论】向日葵沟膜垄植技术可保水、养根、抗倒伏、耐列当、抑制盐分,从而增产,适宜在河套灌区中轻度盐碱地、列当轻度发生地等多种类型的地块应用。【Objective】In Hetao Irrigated Area,it is easy to cause lodging and dead seedlings after irrigated sunflower in saline-alkali land,but the lack of irrigation also leads to yield reduction by drought and Orobanche cernua.【Methods】In this experiment,mechanical one-time furrow opening,fertilization,plastic film covering the bottom of the trench to the top of the slope,and seed sowing on the shoulder of the slope were used for furrow film ridge planting,compared with conventional plain planting and random arrangement.【Results】The ground temperature of the 0-30 cm root of furrow film ridge was raised0.7-2.3℃ compared with that of conventional plain planting during the whole growth period.The soil moisture content in the 0-30 cm root layer raised 8.36%-13.28%.The horizontal distribution diameter and vertical depth of roots increased 26.92% and 30.68%,respectively,and the fresh weight of roots increased 81.23%.In the growth stage of sunflower,the lodging rate of mild saline-alkali soil under irrigation decreased 21.66 percentage points.Orobanche cernua was delayed20 days and control effect was 54.1%.The average soil desalination rate in the growth period from 0 cm to 20 cm increased 18.53%,and the emergence rate and preservation rate increased 12 and 16 percentage points respectively.In the growth stage of sunflower,the yield was increased 16.07%,20.58% and 29.17%respectively in the light saline and alkaline land,the light saline and alkaline land,and the moderate saline and alkaline land.【Conclusion】Sunflower furrow film ridge planting technology could increase yield by saving water,nourishing roots,resisting lodging,resistance to Orobanche cernua and inhibiting salinity.It was suitable to be applied in the mildly saline and alkaline land and Orobanche cernua land in Hetao Irrigation Area.

关 键 词：向日葵 沟膜垄植 抗旱 生态效应 

分 类 号：S565.5[农业科学—作物学]