不同种植方式下高密度玉米群体光能利用因子比较  

Comparison of light energy utilization factors of high-density maize population under different planting methods

作　　者：赵娜 党久占 郝云风 张玉金 李晓红 马俊[1] 顾敏[1] 宋剑君 ZHAO Na;DANG Jiuzhan;HAO Yunfeng;ZHANG Yujin;LI Xiaohong;MA Jun;GU Min;SONG Jianjun(Bayannur Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences,Linhe 015000,China;Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences,Hohhot 010031,China)

机构地区：[1]巴彦淖尔市农牧业科学研究院,内蒙古临河015000 [2]内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010031

出　　处：《北方农业学报》2020年第3期74-79,共6页Journal of Northern Agriculture

基　　金：内蒙古农牧业创新基金项目(2016CXJJN02);内蒙古自治区科技创新引导项目(KCBJ2018056);内蒙古自治区科技重大专项(2019ZD009)。

摘　　要：【目的】探明高密度(97500株/hm^2)栽培模式下耐密型玉米品种的增产机理。【方法】采用裂区设计,比较研究了耐密型玉米品种登海618和K3564在一穴双株和一穴单株2种种植方式的透光率、叶面积指数(LAI)、叶绿素相对含量(SPAD值)、光合速率等光能利用因子及产量构成因素。【结果】耐密型玉米品种登海618和K3564均表现为一穴双株种植方式下生育中期的穗位层和底部透光率高于一穴单株。各处理叶面积指数(LAI)呈现出先增加后降低的趋势,且均在吐丝后20 d达到最大值,一穴单株种植方式表现为前期叶面积指数增长快,后期衰减快;一穴双株种植方式呈现出中稳后慢的趋势。同一生育期,一穴双株种植下的SPAD值明显高于一穴单株,且登海618高于K3564;各个处理净光合速率均在抽穗期达到最大,各生育时期登海618均高于K3564,2个品种一穴双株种植方式均高于一穴单株种植方式,在抽穗期,登海618、K3564一穴双株种植方式分别比一穴单株种植方式高6.8%、4.8%。【结论】不同种植方式对玉米群体光能利用因子影响较大,2个耐密型玉米品种一穴双株种植方式的产量显著高于一穴单株,穗长、行粒数、百粒重等产量性状显著高于一穴单株。【Objective】To find out the mechanism of increasing yield for the density-tolerant maize varieties under high density(97500 plants/hm^2).【Methods】Comparing the light energy utilization factors and yield components,such as light transmittance,leaf area index(LAI),relative chlorophyll content(SPAD),photosynthetic rate(PN)under Denhai 618 and K3564 varieties with double-plant and single-plant in one hole plant model by using split zone design.【Results】The results showed that the panicle position layer and bottom light transmittance of the two cultivars were higher than that of the single plant in the middle growth stage under one-hole and double-plant planting.The leaf area index(LAI)of all treatments increased first and then decreased,and all reached the maximum value at the 20 th day after silking.The leaf area index increased rapidly at the early stage and decreased rapidly at the later stage.The two plants showed the trend of moderate stability(long green leaf duration and slow decay at later stage).In the same growth period,the chlorophyll SPAD of double plant was significantly higher than that of single plant,and that of Denghai 618 was higher than that of K3564.The net photosynthetic rate of each treatment reached the maximum at heading stage,and that of Denghai 618 was higher than that of K3564 at each stage,and that of one hole and two plants was higher than that of one single plant at heading stage.At heading stage,Denghai 618,K3564 one-hole double-plant planting was 6.8%higher than that of one-hole single plant,respectively,and that of Denghai 618 and K3564 was higher than that of one-hole single plant 4.8%,indicating that the planting mode had a great effect on the net photosynthetic rate of the panicle leaf.【Conclusion】Since the number of grains per ear and the weight of 100 grains were obviously better,and the yield of two varieties was significantly higher under two-plant in one hole than that single-plant in one hole.

关 键 词：玉米 种植方式 高密度 光能利用因子 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]