耕作和秸秆还田方式对东北春玉米吐丝期根系特征及产量的影响  

Effects of Tillage and Straw Incorporation Method on Root Trait at Silking Stage and Grain Yield of Spring Maize in Northeast China

作　　者：姜英 王峥宇 廉宏利 王美佳 苏业涵 田平[1] 隋鹏祥 马梓淇 王英俨 孟广鑫 孙悦 李从锋[2] 齐华[1] JIANG Ying;WANG ZhengYu;LIAN HongLi;WANG MeiJia;SU YeHan;TIAN Ping;SUI PengXiang;MA ZiQi;WANG YingYan;MENG GuangXin;SUN Yue;LI CongFeng;QI Hua(College of Agronomy,Shenyang Agricultural University,Shenyang 110866;Institute of Crop Sciences,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081)

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学农学院,沈阳110866 [2]中国农业科学院作物科学研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2020年第15期3071-3082,共12页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0300103)、国家自然科学基金(31901471)、辽宁省科学技术计划(2019JH2/10200004)。

摘　　要：【目的】针对东北春玉米主产区秸秆处理的突出矛盾,优化秸秆还田方式对促进该区农业绿色可持续发展意义深远。本文研究了耕作和秸秆还田方式对春玉米根系形态及分布特征、干物积累和产量的影响,旨在为该区域耕作措施调整、实现秸秆还田维持耕地农业生产提供理论依据。【方法】2017—2018年在辽宁沈阳进行田间试验,采用二因素随机区组设计,分别设置秸秆全层翻耕还田(PTS)、秸秆条带翻耕还田(PSS)、秸秆全层旋耕还田(RTS)和秸秆条带旋耕还田(RSS)4个处理。分析不同耕作和秸秆还田方式下春玉米根长、根干重及其空间分布、植株地上部干物质积累动态和产量性状的差异。【结果】耕作和秸秆还田方式对吐丝期春玉米根长及其分布、根干重和比根长影响显著。在0—30 cm垂直土层,PTS处理根长2017年和2018年分别高出其他处理7.9%—43.2%和17.3%—41.5%;在30—60 cm垂直土层,秸秆条带还田(PSS和RSS处理)根长较秸秆全层还田(PTS和RTS处理)平均高出20.1%和20.3%;以植株为中心,PTS处理距植株0—10 cm的根长分布最高,RTS处理最低。根干重在0—10 cm土层表现为RTS处理最低,PTS、PSS、RSS处理2年平均高出36.5%、59.6%和17.3%。PTS处理在0—20 cm土层2年均具有最高比根长,2017年和2018年较其他处理分别高出8.7%—73.8%和14.3%—44.7%。不同处理根表面积的空间分布差异明显,PTS和RSS处理在0—30 cm土层具有较高的根表面积,在水平和垂直方向具有更广的根表面分布。耕作和秸秆还田方式对拔节期、吐丝期和成熟期春玉米地上部干物质积累的影响差异显著,RTS处理较其他处理降低了拔节期茎鞘和地上部总干物重,平均达15.5%—19.2%;PTS处理成熟期果穗和地上总干物重比其他处理提高3.6%—12.3%和2.7%—12.4%,其次为PSS和RSS处理,RTS处理最低。耕作和秸秆还田方式处理显著影响春玉米穗数和籽粒产�【Objective】In view of the prominent contradiction of straw utility,the optimization of straw returning method is significant for promoting the green and sustainable development of agriculture in northeast China,where is the main production areas of spring maize.In this study,the effects of tillage and straw incorporation approaches on the morphology and distribution characteristics of root,dry matter accumulation and yield of spring maize were investigated to provide a theory basis for optimizing tillage and straw incorporation measures to maintain agricultural production.【Method】The field experiment was carried out in Shenyang,Liaoning province in 2017 and 2018.The two-factor random zone group design was adopted to set up four treatments,including straw incorporation with full-thickness plough tillage(PTS),straw incorporation with strip plough tillage(PSS),straw incorporation with full-thickness rotary tillage(RTS),and straw incorporation with strip rotary tillage(RSS).Under different tillage and straw incorporation methods,the differences of root length,root dry weight,their spatial distribution in soil,dry matter accumulation dynamics and yield characters of spring maize were analyzed.【Result】Tillage and straw incorporation methods had significant effects on root length and distribution as well as dry weight and specific root length of spring maize at silking stage.In the vertical soil layer of 0-30 cm,the root length of PTS treatment was 7.9%-43.2%and 17.3%-41.5%higher than other treatments,respectively.In the vertical soil layer of 30-60 cm,root length under strip straw incorporation(PSS and RSS)treatments was average 20.1%and 20.3%higher than those under full-thickness straw incorporation(PTS and RTS)treatments,respectively.Centering on maize plant,the horizontal distribution of root length in soil showed that PTS treatment was the highest and RTS treatment was the lowest in 0-10 cm away from the plant.The lowest root dry weight was observed from RTS treatment,PTS,PSS and RSS treatments presente

关 键 词：秸秆还田 春玉米 根系分布 籽粒产量 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]