微山湖地区宽体金线蛭的群体考察与产茧后药材质量评价  

Population Investigation of Whitmania pigra in Weishan Lake Area and Quality Evaluation of Its Medicinal Materials after Cocoon Production

作　　者：李明玥 刘金欣 王铭昕 黄秋阳 石林春[1] 马莉[3] LI Ming-yue;LIU Jin-xin;WANG Ming-xin;HUANG Qiu-yang;SHI Lin-chun;MA Li(Engineering Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource,Ministry of Education,Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation,State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China,Institute of Medicinal Plant Development,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences&Peking Union Medical College,Beijing 100193,China;Youbo Pharmaceutical Weishan Leech Cultivation Base,Jining 277600,China;School of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Capital Medical University,Beijing 100069,China)

机构地区：[1]中国医学科学院北京协和医学院药用植物研究所国家中医药管理局资源保护重点研究室中药资源教育部工程中心,北京100193 [2]友搏药业微山水蛭养殖基地,山东济宁277600 [3]首都医科大学中医药学院,北京100069

出　　处：《中国现代中药》2020年第6期849-855,共7页Modern Chinese Medicine

基　　金：四川省科技计划项目重点研发项目(2019YFS0017);国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(81703659);国家自然科学基金面上项目(81673596)。

摘　　要：目的:建立科学的宽体金线蛭种蛭筛选原则,并对产茧后药材进行质量评价。方法:从微山湖地区采集野生宽体金线蛭1193条,对体质量和生殖环带发育等群体特征进行考察。将种蛭分为10、15、20 g 3个试验组,建立卵茧成熟度观察方法以判断适宜的挖茧时机,通过产茧数、茧体积、出苗数等指标考察体质量对宽体金线蛭繁殖性能的影响。依照2015年版《中华人民共和国药典》对产茧后水蛭药材的性状和抗凝血酶活性进行质量评价。结果:微山湖地区宽体金线蛭野生种群的体质量普遍较小,15 g及以上的种蛭仅占样本群体的19.53%;宽体金线蛭的繁殖性能随种蛭体质量的增加而显著提高,20 g试验组的产茧数(5.9个)和出苗数(37.3条)分别是10 g试验组的1.59倍和1.45倍。产茧后种蛭的死亡率和体质量损失率可高达37%和59%,药材厚度仅为产茧前的49%~72%,腥味散失严重、脆度下降,但产茧前后抗凝血酶活性变化不大,均为3~5 U·g^-1。结论:微山湖地区野生宽体金线蛭的种群有退化趋势,建议使用15 g及以上的种蛭进行繁殖生产。产茧后药材的商品规格和等级较低,不适宜作为饮片直接用于临床。Objective:To establish a scientific selection principle for the breeding Whitmania pigra,and evaluate the quality of medicinal materials after cocoon production.Methods:By collecting 1193 W.pigra Whitman from the Weishan Lake area,the body weight and the developmental condition of clitellum were recorded to investigate the population characteristics of the W.pigra Whitman in Weishan Lake area.The experiment was divided into three groups,10 g group,15 g group and 20 g group.A method was established for observing the maturity of the cocoons to determine the appropriate time to dig cocoons.The effects of body weight on the reproductive performance of W.pigra were investigated by the indexes of the number of cocoons produced,cocoon volume,and the average number of leech larvae hatched from each cocoon.According to the Chinese Pharmacopoeia edition 2015,the quality evaluation of medicinal materials before and after the cocoon production was carried out by the physical characteristics and antithrombin activity.Results:The wild species of W.pigra Whitman in Weishan Lake area generally had lower body weight and the leeches over or equal to 15 g only accounted for 19.53% of the sample population.The reproductive performance of W.pigra increased significantly as its body weight increased.The average number of cocoons produced and leech larvae hatched from each cocoon in 20 g group were 5.9 and 37.3 respectively,which were 1.59 times and 1.45 times of those in the 10 g group,respectively.The Mortality and weight loss rates of W.pigra after producing cocoons reached up to 37% and 59%,respectively.The thickness of the medicinal material after cocoon production was only 49%-72%of the thickness before cocoon production.Both the taste and the crispness of the medicinal material were reduced.However,the changes of antithrombin activity before and after cocoon production were not significant,all were 3-5 U·g-1.Conclusion:The wild species of W.pigra in Weishan Lake area has a tendency to degrade.It is recommended to use the leeche

关 键 词：宽体金线蛭 微山湖 群体考察 繁殖性能 质量评价 

分 类 号：R282.3[医药卫生—中药学]