典型北方季节性河流生态需水量研究  

Research on the Ecological Water Demand of Yanghe River Basin

作　　者：翁传松 刘德富 张佳磊 龚川 沈旭舟 WENG Chuan-song;LIU De-fu;ZHANG Jia-lei;GONG Chuan;SHEN Xu-zhou(College of Civil Architecture and Environment,Hubei University of Technology,Wuhan 430068,China)

机构地区：[1]湖北工业大学土木建筑与环境学院,武汉430068

出　　处：《中国农村水利水电》2020年第8期29-34,共6页China Rural Water and Hydropower

基　　金：国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2017ZX07101003-008);国家国际科技合作专项(2014DFE70070)。

摘　　要：在供水方面北方河流存在着水资源缺乏、水质恶化等水环境问题,按照工、农、生三产水资源配比情况,北方地区农业种植业需水量占总供水量的70%以上,同时污染负荷以面源污染负荷为主。以京津冀绿色农副产品的保障基地河北省洋河流域为例,基于前期海河流域(洋河流域为海河流域的一条二级支流)河流生态需水量计算方法学研究结果,选取水文学及目标水质法计算洋河干流左卫、响水铺、鸡鸣驿和八号桥4个典型断面最小、适宜和理想生态需水量。通过Tennant法为参照,计算结果表明:①以COD指标为生态目标计算的最小、适宜和理想生态需水量分别为0.82、1.64、2.48亿m^3;②以NH+4-N指标为生态目标计算的最小、适宜和理想生态需水量分别为0.83、1.65、2.49亿m^3。同时综合考虑洋河流域对京津冀农副产品保障的灌溉功能定位,从洋河盆地的农业灌溉生态需水量角度切入,利用CROPWAT模型计算目标区域农作物需水量,提出了基于保障洋河流域作物灌溉问题生态需水量的计算,并制定了相应水库的调蓄方案。友谊水库作为洋河干流最大的水库,需向下游补灌60万m^3水源才能满足作物需水要求。In terms of water supply,there are water environment problems such as lack of water resources and deterioration of water quality in northern rivers.According to the ratio of water resources from industry,agriculture and biological production,the water demand of agricultural and planting industry in northern areas accounts for more than 70%of the total water supply,and the pollution load is mainly non-point source pollution load.The guarantee of agricultural and sideline products in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Green Base Yanghe watershed as an example,based on the early stage of the Haihe River Basin ecological water requirement calculation methodology research results,selection of hydrology and water quality target method to calculate Yanghe River Zuowei,Xiangshuipu,Jimingyi and No.8 Bridge’s four typical sections minimum ecological water demand,suitable and ideal,the calculation results show that:with the reference of Tennant Method,this calculation result is relatively reasonable.①the minimum,appropriate and ideal ecological water demand calculated with COD index as the ecological target is 0.82,1.64 and 248 million m^3 respectively.②the minimum,appropriate and ideal ecological water demand calculated with NH+4-N index as the ecological target is 0.83,165 and 249 million m^3 respectively.At the same time,considering the ecological water demand for agricultural irrigation in Yanghe River Basin comprehensively,CROPWAT model is used to calculate the crop water demand in the target region,and an appropriate amount of ecological demand for ensuring the crop irrigation in Yanghe River Basin is proposed,and the corresponding reservoir regulation and storage plan is formulated.As the largest reservoir in the main stream of Yanghe River,Youyi Reservoir needs to fill 0.006 million m^3 water source downstream to meet the requirements of crop water demands.

关 键 词：农作物需水量 CROPWAT模型 水文学 目标水质法 洋河流域 

分 类 号：TV213[水利工程—水文学及水资源]