石塑混合与单一介质过滤器清水水力特性试验  

Water Hydraulic Characteristic Test of Stone-plastic Mixture and Single Medium Filter

作　　者：苟欢欢 张胜江 陶洪飞[1] 杨圆坤 周良 宋睿明 周洋 GOU Huan-huan;ZHANG Sheng-jiang;TAO Hong-fei;YANG Yuan-kun;ZHOU Liang;SONG Rui-ming;ZHOU Yang(College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China;Agricultural Water-saving Engineering Technology Center of Xinjiang,Urumqi 830049,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学水利与土木工程学院,乌鲁木齐830052 [2]新疆农业节水技术研究中心,乌鲁木齐830049

出　　处：《中国农村水利水电》2020年第8期126-130,133,共6页China Rural Water and Hydropower

基　　金：国家重点研发项目“盐碱地治理的材料选择与装备和调理剂研发”(2016YFC0501405);新疆维吾尔自治区水利专项“塔里木盆地东北缘区主要作物需水规律与灌溉制度实验”(G201904)。

摘　　要：为探究石塑混合介质过滤器在清水条件下的水力特性,对石塑混合、石英砂与PVC塑料三种不同介质进行了物理模型试验。结果表明:石塑混合介质的水头损失比原始石英砂的减少了约20%,比PVC塑料介质增加约为18%;水头损失结构系数分别为石英砂介质大于石塑混合介质大于PVC塑料介质。反冲洗中滤料的膨胀率和上升厚度与流速成正比,各滤料的初始发生膨胀的流速不同,最大的是石塑混合介质,其次是石英砂,最后是PVC塑料介质;反冲洗后不同滤料都发生了相应的膨胀,PVC塑料介质是严重,其次是石英砂,最后是石塑混合介质;PVC塑料介质,石英砂介质和石塑混合介质的反冲洗流速分别控制在0.036~0.064,0.042~0.084和0.045~0.077 m/s以内,超过上限流速,会导致反向堵塞。通过试验对比分析可知,石塑混合介质过滤器能有效减小水头损失,加入部分PVC塑料介质的使用,相对的延长了介质使用寿命,反冲洗后滤料膨胀小,滤层内部结构更加稳定,过滤效果会更好。结合石英砂和PVC塑料介质的各自优势,有利于探索更好的多层复合介质的水力性能。In order to explore the hydraulic characteristics of stone plastic mixed media filter under the condition of clear water,Physical model tests were carried out on three different media:stone-plastic mixture,quartz sand and PVC.The experiment results show that:The water head loss of the mixed stone and plastic media is about 20%less than that of the original quartz sand,Compared with PVC plastic medium increased by about 18%;The structural coefficient of head loss is that the quartz sand medium is larger than the mixed stone plastic medium than the PVC plastic medium.The expansion rate and rising thickness of the filter material in backwash are proportional to the flow rate.The initial expansion velocity of each filter material is different.The largest is the mixed medium of stone and plastic,followed by quartz sand,and finally the PVC plastic medium;After backwashing,the corresponding expansion of different filter materials occurred,PVC plastic media is serious,followed by quartz sand,and finally the mixed stone plastic media;The backwash flow rate of PVC plastic media,quartz sand media and stone-plastic mixed media is controlled within 0.036~0.064,0.042~0.084 and 0.045~0.077 m/s respectively,exceeding the upper limit of flow rate will lead to reverse blockage.Through comparative analysis of the test,it can be seen that the stone plastic mixed media filter can effectively reduce the head loss.The use of some PVC plastic medium is added to relatively extend the service life of the medium. After backwashing, the filter material expands less, the inner structure of the filter layer is more stable, and the filtration effect will be better. Combined with the advantages of quartz sand and PVC plastic media, it is beneficial to explore better hydraulic properties of multilayer composite media.

关 键 词：过滤器 石塑混合介质 反冲洗 膨胀率 

分 类 号：TV93[水利工程—水利水电工程] S277.9[农业科学—农业水土工程]