DPC^+化学封顶对不同施氮量下棉花叶片光合生理特性的影响  

Effects of chemical topping with fortified mepiquat chloride on photosynthetic characteristics of cotton leaves under different nitrogen rates

作　　者：时晓娟 韩焕勇[2] 王方永[2] 郝先哲 高宏云 罗宏海[1] SHI Xiao-Juan;HAN Huan-Yong;WANG Fang-Yong;HAO Xian-Zhe;GAO Hong-Yun;LUO Hong-Hai(College of Agriculture,Shihezi University,Shihezi 832000,Xinjiang,China;Cotton Institute,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Science,Shihezi 832000,Xinjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]石河子大学农学院,新疆石河子832000 [2]新疆农垦科学院棉花研究所,新疆石河子832000

出　　处：《作物学报》2020年第9期1416-1429,共14页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0101600);新疆兵团重点领域创新团队(2017CB011);新疆兵团重大专项(2016AA001-2,4)资助。

摘　　要：在北疆气候条件下,为明确棉花对不同施氮量下增效缩节胺[DPC+,25%甲哌鎓(1,1-dimethyl piperidinium chloride,DPC)水剂]化学封顶效应的响应,以新陆早53号为试验材料,在150(N1)、300(N2)和450(N3)kg hm^-2施氮水平下,以人工打顶(P0)为对照,研究DPC+剂量[450(P1)、750(P2)和1050(P3)mL hm^-2]对棉花叶绿素含量(Chl)、叶面积(LA)、气体交换参数、叶绿素荧光参数及干物质累积与分配的影响。结果表明,同一DPC^+剂量下,随施氮量增加,Chl、LA、气体交换参数、叶绿素荧光参数和生殖器官干物质(RODM)均呈现先上升后下降的趋势;同一施氮量下,上述参数因DPC+剂量不同呈不同变化趋势,其中N1水平下以P1处理、N2水平下以P2处理、N3水平下以P3处理表现出较高的RODM、Chl、净光合速率(Pn)、实际光化学效率(ФPSII)、电子传递速率(ETR),较低的非光化学淬灭(NPQ)。DPC^+与施氮量互作表现为,与其他处理相比,Chl、Pn、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)、ФPSII、ETR、RODM在N2P2处理下分别提高了15.52%、29.39%、27.97%、36.77%、23.28%、23.55%、8.41%~22.24%,NPQ降低了34.54%。相关分析表明,干物质累积和Chl、LA、Pn、Gs、ФPSII均呈显著正相关,与NPQ呈极显著负相关。因此,在喷施DPC+(750 mL hm^-2)条件下,适量追施氮肥(300 kg hm^-2)能改善棉花光合性能,在增加干物质累积的基础上,促进了光合产物向生殖器官分配。This study aims to explore the effects of fortified mepiquat chloride(25%DPC,1,1-dimethyl piperidinium chloride)on cotton leaf photosynthetic regulation under different nitrogen fertilizations.Field experiments were used Xinluzao 53 and conducted split plot arrangement with three nitrogen(N)fertilizer levels[150(N1),300(N2),450(N3)kg hm^-2]and three DPC+doses[450(P1),750(P2),1050(P3)mL hm^-2].Chlorophyll content,leaf area,gas exchange,chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and dry matter accumulation were investigated.With the increasing nitrogen application level,the chlorophyll content,leaf area,gas exchange parameters,chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and reproductive organs dry matter accumulation were increased first and then decreased.P1N1,P2N2,and P3N3 treatments had greater reproductive organ dry matter accumulation,chlorophyll content,net photosynthetic rate(Pn),actual photochemical efficiency(ФPSⅡ),electron transfer rate(ETR),and lower non-photochemical quenching(NPQ).N2P2 treatment increased chlorophyll content,Pn,Tr,Gs,ФPSⅡ,ETR,reproductive organs dry matter accumulation by 15.52%,29.39%,27.97%,36.77%,23.28%,23.55%,8.41%-22.24%respectively,while reduced NPQ by 34.54%,compared with other counterparts.The correlation analysis showed that the dry matter accumulation was significantly positively correlated with chlorophyll content,leaf area,Pn,Gs,ФPSII,and significantly negatively correlated with NPQ.In conclusion,the application of nitrogen fertilizer at 300 kg hm^-2 in combination with DPC+(750 mL hm^-2)improved leaf photosynthetic characteristics and promoted the distribution of photosynthates to reproductive organs due to increased dry matter accumulation.

关 键 词：棉花 施氮量 DPC^+ 化学封顶 干物质累积 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学]