拧紧策略对航空发动机单螺栓连接预紧力的影响  

Influence of Tightening Strategy on Pre-tightening Force of Aero-engine Single-bolt Connection

作　　者：李小强[1] 孟庆阔 杜一凡 陈飞宇 王辉[2] 赵兵 LI Xiaoqiang;MENG Qingkuo;DU Yifan;CHEN Feiyu;WANG Hui;ZHAO Bing(School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation,Beihang University,Beijing 100191;Department of Mechanical Engineering,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084)

机构地区：[1]北京航空航天大学机械工程及自动化学院,北京100191 [2]清华大学机械工程系,北京100084

出　　处：《机械工程学报》2020年第13期231-241,共11页Journal of Mechanical Engineering

基　　金：国家科技重大专项资助项目(2017-VII-0010-0104)。

摘　　要：针对航空发动机装配过程中出现的螺栓预紧力误差大、控制精度低等问题,基于TC4钛合金单螺栓连接工艺实验,分析了不同拧紧策略对装配预紧力大小及稳定性的影响,具体包括扭矩法、扭矩-转角法等拧紧方法和拧紧速度。在扭矩法的基础上,研究了分步拧紧对预紧力的影响。以单螺栓连接结构和航空发动机典型的法兰螺栓连接结构为研究对象,探索了螺栓预紧力短时衰减规律。结果表明,重复拧紧时扭矩-转角法预紧力标准差大致是扭矩法的三分之一,使用扭矩-转角法、采用分步拧紧和提高拧紧转速均可使拧紧扭矩系数K值趋于平稳,降低预紧力分散程度,提高预紧力控制精度;预紧力在拧紧完成后的短时间内会发生衰减,前5~10min衰减最快,大致占总衰减量的80%,20~30min后预紧力保持稳定。The problems of poor pre-tightening force of bolts and low control precision during the assembly process of aero-engines. The experimental research on tightening process of single-bolt joint was carried out. The influence of different tightening strategies on the size and stability of pre-tightening is analyzed, including the study of tightening speed and methods such as torque-control method and angle-control method. Based on the torque-control method, the effect of multi-step tightening on the pre-tightening force is studied. Aiming at the single bolt and the typical flange bolt connection structure of aero-engines, the short-time attenuation pattern of the bolt pre-tightening force is explored. The results show that the standard deviation of the pre-tightening force of angle-control method is about one-third of the torque-control method during repeated tightening. By using the angle-control method, multi-step tightening and increasing the tightening speed, the tightening torque coefficient K can be stabilized. The pre-tightening force dispersion degree can be reduced and the single bolt pre-tightening force control precision can be improved. It is also found that the pre-tightening force will attenuate in a short time after the tightening is completed. The most of the attenuation occurs in the first 5~10 minutes, accounting for about 80% of the total attenuation. It will enter steady state after 20~30 minutes.

关 键 词：航空发动机 螺栓连接 拧紧工艺 拧紧速度 预紧力 

分 类 号：TH131[机械工程—机械制造及自动化]