不同秸秆还田深度对黄棕壤土壤物理性质及其剖面变化的影响  

Effects of Different Depths of Straw Returning to Field on Soil Physical Properties and Profile Changes of Yellow Brown Soil

作　　者：张奇 陈粲[1] 陈效民[2] 张志龙 刘巍 任晓明 ZHANG Qi;CHEN Can;CHEN Xiao-min;ZHANG Zhi-long;LIU Wei;REN Xiao-ming(College of Applied Meteorology,Nanjing University of Information,Science and Technology,Nanjing 210044,Chinas;College of Resources and Environmental Sciences,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,China)

机构地区：[1]南京信息工程大学应用气象学院,江苏南京210044 [2]南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院,江苏南京210095

出　　处：《土壤通报》2020年第2期308-314,共7页Chinese Journal of Soil Science

基　　金：江苏省自然科学基金项目“不同秸秆还田方式下旱地农田温室气体的长期模拟与预测”(BK20150909);中国科学院南京土壤所开放基金项目(Y20160038)和博士后基金项目(2016M591884)资助。

摘　　要：为了解不同深度秸秆还田后土壤水力学参数等物理性质的变化,在2016~2018年以田间小区试验的方法,研究了不同深度秸秆还田对黄棕壤0~40 cm土层土壤团聚体、土壤容重、总孔隙度和水力学性质的影响;试验以无秸秆还田(CK)为对照,秸秆还田处理秸秆数量相同、还田深度不同,共设对照(CK)、秸秆表面覆盖(T0)、秸秆10~20 cm还田(T10)、秸秆20~30 cm还田(T20)和秸秆30~40 cm还田(T30)6个处理,作物种植模式为冬小麦-玉米、一年两熟。结果表明,秸秆还田一年后可有效地改善土壤团聚体状况,水稳性大团聚体数量、平均重量直径(MWD)和几何平均直径(GMD)分别增加了0.89%~4.33%、16.27%~28.92%和14.65%~26.36%;土壤容重降低,总孔隙度增加;水分常量土壤饱和含水量、田间持水量、有效水含量和饱和导水率分别增加了37.31~61.39 g kg^-1、25.51~38.70 g kg^-1、36.21~52.80 g kg^-1和0.69×10^-5~1.11×10^-5cm s^-1,凋萎系数降低了9.59~14.12 g kg^-1;秸秆还田后第二年的土壤改良效果比第一年好。研究表明,10~20 cm秸秆还田处理效果最为显著。A two-year field trial(2016-2018)was conducted to investigate the effects of straw application on soil hydraulic and others physical properties in Jiangsu Province,China and the straws were returned with different ways including surface coverage(T0),to 10^-20 cm depth(T10),to 20-30 cm depth(T20)and to 30-40 cm depth(T30)respectively.The effects of straw returning on soil aggregates,bulk density,total porosity and hydraulic properties at 0-40 cm depths were studied.The results showed that straw returning effectively increased the number of soil water stable large aggregates,the mean weight dimension(MWD)and the geometric mean diameter(GMD)by 0.89%-4.33%,16.27%-28.92%and 14.65%-26.36%compared with no straw returning(CK),respectively.And it also reduced soil bulk density and increased total porosity.Soil hydraulic properties were improved,the wilting coefficient was reduced by 9.59 g kg^-1-14.12 g kg^-1,the soil saturated water content,field capacity,available water content and saturated hydraulic conductivity were increased by 37.31 g kg^-1-61.39 g kg^-1,25.51 g kg^-1-38.70 g kg^-1,36.21 g kg^-1-52.80 g kg^-1 and 0.69×10^-5 cm s^-1-1.11×10^-5 cm s^-1 after straw returning,respectively.The improvement effect of straw returning to the field in the second year was better than that in the first year.Research showed that the effect of straw returning at 10^-20 cm depth was the most significant.

关 键 词：黄棕壤 秸秆还田 水分常量 

分 类 号：S157.3[农业科学—土壤学]