翻耕和不同泡田方式对土壤微生物生物量及其酶活性的影响  

Effects of Plow Tillage and Soaking Field on Soil Microbial Biomass and Enzyme Activities under Straw Returning

作　　者：周枫 罗佳琳 赵亚慧 张炎 王宁[1] 焦加国[2] 于建光[1,2,3] ZHOU Feng;LUO Jia-lin;ZHAO Ya-hui;ZHANG Yan;WANG Ning;JIAO Jia-guo;YU Jian-guang(Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment,Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Science,Nanjing 210014,China;College of Resources and Environment,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,China;College of Resource and Environment,Anhui Science and Technology University,Fengyang 233100,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所,江苏南京210014 [2]南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院,江苏南京210095 [3]安徽科技学院资源与环境学院,安徽凤阳233100

出　　处：《土壤通报》2020年第2期352-357,共6页Chinese Journal of Soil Science

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201503136);国家自然科学基金项目(41271308;41601261);安徽省科技重大专项计划项目(16030701102);国家级大学生创新创业训练计划项目(201710879021)资助。

摘　　要：为了解秸秆还田与翻耕和不同泡田方式配合对耕层土壤微生物特性的影响,通过田间小区试验,研究了秸秆还田与翻耕和不同泡田方式措施配合对水稻收获期0~10 cm和10~20 cm耕层土壤基础呼吸、微生物量碳氮、酶活性及养分的影响。结果表明:秸秆还田时,翻耕和以不同方式泡田均能提高0~10 cm土层土壤基础呼吸,特别是泡田2天换水处理(FS+WR)较施麦秸施化肥处理(FS)提高102.2%;微生物量碳氮分别以翻耕(FS+PT)和FS+WR处理效果最好;与不同泡田方式比较,翻耕措施均能明显提高土壤过氧化氢酶和多酚氧化酶活性,其中,泡田7天并推迟施肥处理(FS+IP+FP)土壤的过氧化氢酶活性较FS处理提高25.9%,是不施秸秆不施化肥处理(CK)的1.3倍。多酚氧化酶活性以泡田7天处理(FS+IP)最高,较FS处理提高25.4%。不同土壤耕层中各处理间脲酶活性无显著差异。翻耕和不同泡田方式能提高土壤全氮含量,不同泡田方式中以泡田7天FS+IP处理提高幅度最大。翻耕处理(FS+PT)的水稻有效穗数比秸秆还田FS处理提高13.9%,其次为FS+WR处理,比FS处理提高9.3%。总之,泡田7天能提高土壤酶活性,翻耕能提高土壤微生物量碳含量、增加水稻有效穗数。A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different tillage and soaking field methods on paddy soil microorganisms and enzyme activities.The results showed that the basal respiration at 0-10 cm soil depth was improved under tillage(FS)and soak field(PT)after straw mulching.Especially,it was 102.2%higher in the treatment of soak field for 2 days(FS+WR)than that in the FS treatment.Contents of microbial biomass carbon(MBC)and nitrogen(MBN)were the best in the treatments of combination of FS and PT(FS+PT)and FS+WR,respectively.Different soaking field measures improved soil catalase and polyphenol oxidase activities compared with tillage measures.The catalase activities were 25.9%higher in the FS+IP+FP treatment than that in the FS treatment and were 1.3 times of those in the CK treatment.The activities of polyphenol oxidase were increased by25.4%in the FS+IP treatment than those in the FS treatment.The soil urease activities at different plough layers were not significantly different among different treatments.Different tillage and soaking field methods increased the content of soil total nitrogen,especially in the treatment of FS+IP+FP.Reasonable application of straw effectively alleviated the difficulty of rooting.The numbers of effective spike in the FS+PT and FS+WR treatments were increased by13.9%and 9.3%compared with FS treatment,respectively.In conclusion,soaking field for 7 days increased the soil enzyme activities and plow tillageimproved the contents of soil MBC and the numbers of effective spike of rice.

关 键 词：秸秆还田 翻耕 泡田 微生物量碳氮 土壤酶 

分 类 号：S154.1[农业科学—土壤学]