减氮量施用缓释氮肥对春玉米产量及土壤硝/铵态氮含量剖面分布的影响  

Effect of Reducing Slow Release Nitrogen Fertilizer on Yield of Spring Maize and Soil Ammonium and Nitrate Nitrogen

作　　者：赵聪 张伟[1] 刘化涛 王晓娟 黄学芳 黄明镜 张冬梅 王娟玲 ZHAO Cong;ZHANG Wei;LIU Hua-tao;WANG Xiao-juan;HUANG Xue-fang;HUANG Ming-jing;ZHANG Dong-mei;WANG Juan-ling(Dryland Farming Research Centre,Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences Shanxi Agricultural University,Organic Dry Farming of Shanxi Province Key Laboratory,Nalional Local Joint Engineering Laboratory,of Water-saving Techniques for Dry Farming in the Eastern Loess Plateauy Taiyuan 030031,China)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学(山西省农业科学院)旱地农业研究中心,有机旱作山西省重点实验室,黄土高原东部旱作节水技术国家地方联合工程实验室,山西太原030031

出　　处：《土壤通报》2020年第2期430-435,共6页Chinese Journal of Soil Science

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201501024);山西省重点研发计划重点项目(201703D211002-4);“十二五”农村领域国家科技计划课题(2015BAD22B03-2);山西省农业科学院特色农业技术攻关项目(YGG17038)资助。

摘　　要：通过田间试验的方法,研究了缓释氮肥与尿素等氮量配比、减少总氮用量对春玉米产量及土壤硝态氮、铵态氮含量剖面分布的影响。结果表明,(1)与尿素全部基施处理(CK)比较,减氮、施用缓释肥料可以保证春玉米稳产,其产量及构成因素整体表现优于对照;其中减少20%氮肥用量的处理增产率最高,产量比对照提高了10.8%;(2)减氮、施用缓释肥料对春玉米的株高、叶面积、地上部生物量及棒三叶的SPAD值等主要农艺性状没有显著影响;(3)施用等氮量缓释肥料的处理0~120 cm土层土壤硝态氮含量低于对照,降低了硝态氮向更深土层淋溶的风险。总之,春玉米栽培减量施用缓释氮肥具有可获得较高产量、减少环境污染风险等优点,值得推广应用。The slow-release nitrogen(N)fertilizer combined with equal N amount of urea was applied at different total N levels,and their effects on spring maize yield and distribution of nitrate N(NO3--N)and ammonium N(NH4+-N)in soil profile were analyzed.The results showed that:(1)Application of slow-release fertilizer combined with reducing N amount remained the stable yield of spring maize,and improved the overall yield and its component factors compared with the base application of urea(CK).The yield was 10.8%higher in the treatment of 20%less N fertilizer than that in the CK treatment;(2)Application of slow-release fertilizer combined with reducing N amount had no significant effects on the main agronomic traits of spring maize,including plant height,leaf area,above-ground biomass and SPAD value of three-ear leaf;(3)The content of NO3--N at 0-120 cm soil depth was lower in the treatment of slow-release fertilizer than that in the treatment of CK,which indicated that the application of slow-release fertilizer reduced the leaching risk of NO3--N into deeper soil.The application of slow-release fertilizer combined with reducing N amount remained the stable yield,reduced the environmental pollution and should be promoted in the planting of spring maize.

关 键 词：减氮施肥 缓释肥料 玉米产量 土壤硝态氮 

分 类 号：S513.06[农业科学—作物学]