激光冷却原子的新奇量子态与探测  

Novel quantum states with laser cooling and their detection

作　　者：刘伍明[1,2,3] 王勋高 王寰宇 靖东洋[1,2] 郭文祥 周小计 江开军[5] 刘亮 LIU Wu-Ming;WANG Xun-Gao;WANG Huan-Yu;JING Dong-Yang;GUO Wen-Xiang;ZHOU Xiao-Ji;JIANG Kai-Jun;LIU Liang(Institute of Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China;School of Physical Sciences,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory,Dongguan 523808,China;Institute of Quantum Electronics,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China;Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Wuhan 430071,China;Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai 201800,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院物理研究所,北京100190 [2]中国科学院大学物理学系,北京100049 [3]松山湖材料实验室,东莞523808 [4]北京大学量子电子学研究所,北京100871 [5]中国科学院武汉物理与数学研究所,武汉430071 [6]中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所,上海201800

出　　处：《中国科学：物理学、力学、天文学》2020年第8期24-38,共15页Scientia Sinica Physica,Mechanica & Astronomica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划“量子调控与量子信息”重点专项(编号:2016YFA0301500);国家自然科学基金(编号:61835013)资助项目。

摘　　要：随着原子气体的激光冷却和相干操控技术的飞速发展,冷原子系统的新奇量子态研究以及在量子精密测量的应用均取得了丰硕的成果,例如人造规范势、多体相互作用诱导的拓扑态及拓扑量子相变、冷原子喷泉频标、冷原子干涉仪测量引力常数、魔术波长光晶格频标、冷离子频标、冷原子重力仪、冷原子陀螺仪等.新型冷原子精密测量多次刷新了精密测量的记录,并逐渐成为新的计量标准.基于超冷原子的精密测量为新一代全球卫星导航、深空探测、微重力测量、地震预报、地下油田面积的勘测和油井的定位、工业精密测量与控制等提供新的关键技术.本文重点阐述了激光冷却原子的新奇量子态及探测技术,例如在玻色-凝聚体中产生自旋-轨道角动量耦合;由多体相互作用诱导的拓扑相变;在开通道、闭通道失衡Feshbach共振条件下,体系存在从FuldeFerrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov超流态到Sarma超流态的量子相变;发展了87Rb原子nP里德堡态的光谱测量、光晶格中超冷原子量子态的探测等手段,并实现了多组分BEC干涉仪.With the rapid development of the laser cooling techniques,we can realize coherent quantum state manipulation of atoms.Invaluable results,such as topological phase transitions with artificial gauge fields,phase transitions induced by many body interaction,the atomic fountain frequency standard,the gravity constant using an interferometer,the magic wave optical lattice frequency standard,the cold ion frequency standard and the cold atom gravimeter and gyroscope results,have been obtained with respect to various applications,including quantum phase transitions,simulation of the novel quantum states,and precise measurement of the cold atoms.The laser cooling techniques frequently break the previous accuracy records;thus,they are gradually setting the new quantum measurement standards.In addition,some of these techniques play vital roles in geological prospecting and national defense.In this review,we will focus on the novel quantum states induced by laser cooling and the corresponding phase transitions as well as the optical detection and manipulation of the quantum phases.To be specific,the energy spectrum in a Bose-Einstein condensate(BEC)with spinorbital angular momentum coupling is discrete,and a first-order phase transition can be observed between the states having different angular momentums.We investigated the topological phase transitions induced by the many-body interactions,in which we observed that when using different filling numbers and interactions,topological phase transitions can be observed in a hexagonal optical lattice with high orbitals and different topological states can be indexed using the Chern numbers.Further,based on our investigation,we observed the occurence of a quantum phase transition between the novel superfluid states,i.e.,the Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov superfluid states to the Sarma superfluid states,owing to the imbalanced Feshbach resonance.Finally,we developed methods to measure the optical spectrum of the nP Rydberg states of the 87Rb atoms and detect the quantum states i

关 键 词：原子的激光冷却 光晶格 原子的光学操控 量子相变 

分 类 号：O431.2[机械工程—光学工程]