造林密度对欧美杨3品种在东北地区生长及材性的影响  

Effect of Planting Density on Growth and Wood Property of Three Populus×euramericana Cultivars

作　　者：刘宁[1] 丁昌俊[1] 李波 丁密 苏晓华[1] 黄秦军[1] LIU Ning;DING Chang-jun;LIBo;DING Mi;SU Xiao-hua;HUANG Qin-jun(Research Institute of Forestry,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Beijing 100091,China)

机构地区：[1]中国林业科学研究院林业研究所,北京100091

出　　处：《林业科学研究》2020年第4期9-18,共10页Forest Research

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题“欧美杨工业资源材高效培育技术研究”(2016YFD0600401);国家“十二五”科技支撑计划课题“阔叶树速生丰产林定向培育技术研究”(2015BAD09B02)。

摘　　要：[目的 ]为了探讨我国欧美杨速生丰产林良种选育及栽培环节存在的关键共性技术问题,在我国东北地区大凌河流域平原开展栽植密度对欧美杨品种的影响试验,为欧美杨纸浆材人工林优良品种的早期选育及推广栽培提供一定的理论依据。[方法 ]试验材料为京2杨、渤丰1号杨和渤丰3号杨3个欧美杨品种,设计2 m×3m、2 m×4 m、2 m×5 m和2 m×6 m四种造林密度。测量第2至8年的胸径,统计第1至8年的保存率,测定第1至8年的木材物理性质、第2、4、6、8年的木材解剖性质,测定总体的木材化学成分;整理并绘制保存率连年变化图,利用双因素方差分析逐年评价品种、造林密度以及品种与造林密度的交互作用对欧美杨胸径的效应,并对各性状进行多重比较。[结果 ]品种和造林密度对胸径生长均有极显著的影响(p <0.01);造林密度与品种的互作效应在第1至6年均是显著的(p <0.05),第7、8年则没有出现显著性(p>0.05)的互作效应。各造林密度中京2杨的保存率呈逐年较大幅度下降的形式,在第8年其各密度胸径和保存率最差,保存率最高的是2 m×6 m造林密度中的渤丰1号杨;胸径最大的是2 m×6 m造林密度中的渤丰3号杨。较大造林密度(2 m×3 m和2 m×4 m)会在生长初期使欧美杨的保存率较大幅度下降,而较小的造林密度(2 m×5 m和2 m×6 m)保存率下降平缓。对木材性质进行的多重比较结果表明:造林密度对木材性质影响不显著(p>0.05)的影响。木材的纤维长宽比、总木素含量随造林密度的增加而增大;而较小的造林密度会增加木材的微纤丝角、纤维素含量、综纤维素含量。[结论 ]3个欧美杨品种的适应性存在差异,渤丰1号杨和渤丰3号杨优于京2杨。较大的造林密度对3品种的保存率、胸径、木材性质均有抑制作用,而较小的造林密度欧美杨的保存率高。随林龄的增长,欧美杨的木材基本密度、纤维长、纤[Objective] To study the impact of planting density on Populus×euramericana cultivars so as to benefit the selection and cultivation of fast-growing and high-yielding poplar plantation. [Method] The test was conducted in Dalinghe Plain, northeast China, taking three Populus×euramericana cultivars( "J2", "Bofeng 1" and "Bofeng 3")as trial materials. Four planting densities of 2 m×3 m, 2 m×4 m, 2 m×5 m and 2 m×6 m were designed. The DBH of the 2 nd to the 8 th year, the preservation rate of the 1 st to 8 th year, the physical properties of the 1 st to the 8 th year,the anatomical properties of the 2 nd, 4 th, 6 th and 8 th year, and the chemical composition of the Populus×euramericana wood were measured and calculated. The effects of cultivars, planting density and cultivars×planting density on DBH of Populus×euramericana were evaluated by two-factor variance analysis year by year, and multiple comparisons were made for each trait. [Result] Cultivars and planting density had significant effects on DBH growth(p <0.01). Planting density×cultivars had significant effects on DBH growth from the 1 st to the 6 th years(p < 0.05), but there was no significant interaction effect from the 7 th to the 8 th years(p > 0.05). Among various planting densities,the preservation rate of "J2" decreased significantly year by year, and the DBH and preservation rate of each density were the worst in the 8 th year. The preservation rate of "Bofeng 1" was the highest with the planting density of 2 m×6 m. The DBH of "Bofeng 3" was the largest with the planting density of 2 m×6 m. Higher planting densities(2 m×3 m and 2 m×4 m) would significantly lower the preservation rate of Populus×euramericana in the early growth stage,while lower planting densities(2 m×5 m and 2 m×6 m) would decrease more slowly. Multiple comparisons of wood properties showed that planting density had little significant effect on wood properties. The ratio of fiber length to width and total lignin content of wood increased with the increase of plantin

关 键 词：造林密度 欧美杨品种 保存率 胸径 木材性质 

分 类 号：S781.42[农业科学—木材科学与技术]