空气过滤用微纳米聚丙烯腈/皮芯型聚乙烯-聚丙烯双组分纤维多层复合材料的制备与性能  

Preparation and properties of micro-nano polyacrylonitrile/sheath-core polyethylene-polypropylene bicomponent fiber multilayer composite filters

作　　者：钱晓明[1] 魏楚 钱幺 刘永胜[1] 王立晶 QIAN Xiaoming;WEI Chu;QIAN Yao;LIU Yongsheng;WANG Lijing(School of Textile Science and Engineering,Tiangong University,Tianjin 300387,China;School of Fashion and Textiles,RMIT University,Melbourne 3000,Australia)

机构地区：[1]天津工业大学纺织科学与工程学院,天津300387 [2]皇家墨尔本理工大学服装及纺织品学院,墨尔本3000

出　　处：《复合材料学报》2020年第7期1513-1521,共9页Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(U1607117);天津市应用基础与前沿技术计划项目(16JCZDJC36400);天津市科技计划项目(17PTSYJC00150)。

摘　　要：采用静电纺丝技术将聚丙烯腈(PAN)纳米纤维收集在皮芯型聚乙烯-聚丙烯(PE-PP)双组分微米纤维网上,制备PAN/PE-PP单层复合纤维网,再将多个单层复合纤维网层层堆叠,经热黏合加固,制备PAN/PE-PP多层复合空气过滤材料,研究了PAN/PE-PP复合纤维网的层数和纺丝时间对其孔径及过滤性能的影响。结果表明:多层复合的方式可得到与单层复合材料相似的孔径参数,但两种材料的孔道结构不同。在总面密度和总纺丝时间一定时,当PAN/PE-PP复合纤维网的层数大于10层时,PAN/PE-PP多层复合过滤材料的过滤效率和品质因子Q_F均明显大于PAN/PE-PP单层复合过滤材料,阻力略微增大;其中,相较PAN/PE-PP单层复合过滤材料,20层PAN/PE-PP复合过滤材料对≥0.3μm颗粒的过滤效率提高了33%,阻力增加了5 Pa,Q_F值提高了30%。当总面密度和层数一定时,延长静电纺丝时间≥210 min,20层PAN/PE-PP复合过滤材料对颗粒的过滤效率可提高至90%以上,但阻力也急剧增大,因此静电纺丝时间为210 min的PAN/PE-PP多层复合材料的过滤性能最佳。因此,与相同面密度的PAN/PE-PP单层复合过滤材料相比,PAN/PE-PP多层复合过滤材料的过滤性能明显提高;微纳米纤维多层复合法是制备高效低阻复合空气过滤材料的有效方法。Polyacrylonitrile(PAN)nanofibers were fabricated by electrospinning and collected on sheath-core polyethylene-polypropylene(PE-PP)bicomponent microfiber web to prepare PAN/PE-PP monolayer composite fiber webs.Then several monolayer composite webs were stacked and strengthened by thermal bonding to prepare PAN/PE-PP multilayer composite filters.The effects of the number of layers of PAN/PE-PP composite webs and electrospinning time on the pore size and the filtration performance were studied.The results show that the pore size parameters of multilayer composite materials are similar with that of monolayer composite material,but the pore structures of the two materials are different.At the same total areal density and total electrospinning time,when the number of layers of PAN/PE-PP composite webs is more than 10,the filtration efficiency and quality factor Q_F of PAN/PE-PP multilayer composite filters are significantly larger than that of PAN/PE-PP monolayer composite filter,and the resistance is increased slightly.Compared with PAN/PE-PP monolayer composite filter,the filtration efficiency of 20 layers of PAN/PE-PP composite filter to≥0.3μm particles is increased by 33%,the resistance is increased by 5 Pa,and the Q_F is increased by 30%.At the same total areal density and number of layers,when the electrospinning time is prolonged to more than 210 min,the filtration efficiency of 20 layers of PAN/PE-PP composite filter can be increased to more than 90%,but the resistance also increases sharply,hence the filtration performance of 20 layers of PAN/PE-PP composite filter with electrospinning time of 210 min is the best.Therefore,compared with PAN/PE-PP monolayer composite filter with the same areal density,the filtration performance of PAN/PE-PP multilayer composite filters is obviously improved.The micro-nano fiber multilayer composite method is an effective method to prepare high efficiency and low resistance composite air filters.

关 键 词：微纳米纤维 多层复合法 静电纺丝 过滤性能 热黏合 

分 类 号：TB332[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]