中国企业对外直接投资与本国就业增长研究  

A Study on OFDIs of Chinese Enterprises and Its Effects on China Domestic Employment Growth

作　　者：王志凯[1] 卢阳阳[1] WANG Zhikai;LU Yangyang(School of Economics,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310027,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学经济学院,杭州310027

出　　处：《上海交通大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2020年第4期34-46,共13页Journal of Shanghai Jiao tong University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

摘　　要：基于2003—2013年中国制造业企业面板数据,本文采用倾向得分匹配方法(Propensity Score-Matching, PSM)考察了对外直接投资对国内就业增长的影响,并分析各种影响对外直接投资就业效应的因素。研究发现,我国对外直接投资对国内就业增长具有正向促进效应,且促进效应先升后降。进一步分析表明,对外直接投资的就业增长促进效应受投资目的地的影响差异不大近乎忽略,而受投资企业所有制类型和投资动机影响明显。无论对外直接投资流入哪种类型国家或地区,都能显著促进国内就业增长;相较于非国有企业,国有企业对外直接投资的就业促进效应不明显;与其他投资动机相比,资源寻求型对外直接投资就业促进效应不明显。实证结果从对外直接投资的母国就业改善角度,也支持了中国"一带一路"倡议的国际投资与合作常态化发展政策。This paper, studies the impact of outward foreign direct investment(OFDI) on the employment growth in China by adopting propensity score-matching(PSM) and using the matching sample of "Investment in Overseas Investment Enterprises(Institutions)" and "China Industrial Enterprise Database" from 2003 to 2013. It is found that OFDI has a positive effect on employment growth, and this positive effect first rises and then declines. A further analysis indicates that the effect of OFDI on promotion of employment growth is not significantly affected by the destination of the investment, but is significantly affected by the type of ownership and investment motivation of the investment enterprise. No matter which type of country or region the OFDI flows into, it can significantly promote domestic employment growth. Compared with non-state-owned enterprises, the employment promotion effect of OFDI by state-owned enterprises is not obvious, nor is the effect of resource-seeking OFDI on employment promotion, compared with other investment motives. The empirical results also support China’s "Belt and Road Initiative" policy for the normalization of international investment and cooperation development from the perspective of employment improvement.

关 键 词：中国企业 对外直接投资 倾向得分匹配法 就业增长 

分 类 号：F425[经济管理—产业经济] F125F249.2