基于CMORPH融合降水的中国暴雨时空分布特征分析  

Temporal and Spatial Distribution Characteristics of Rainstorm in China Based on CMORPH Integrated Precipitation

作　　者：赵子惜 陈志和 ZHAO Zixi;CHEN Zhihe(Guangzhou Branch of Guangdong Hydrology Bureau,Guangzhou 510150,China;School of Civil Engineering,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou 512275,China)

机构地区：[1]广东省水文局广州水文分局,广东广州510150 [2]中山大学土木工程学院,广东广州512275

出　　处：《人民珠江》2020年第8期41-52,共12页Pearl River

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(51879291)。

摘　　要：选取中国地区为研究区域,基于中国自动站与CMORPH降水产品融合网格数据集,运用降雨对象识别、泰尔森估算方法,分析2008—2016年中国暴雨场次、暴雨量的时空分布特征及变化趋势。研究表明,2008—2016年,共有24676场暴雨,其中小暴雨20135场,大暴雨4230场,特大暴雨311场。全年暴雨事件最多为2012年,最少为2011年,仅42场。中国暴雨事件主要集中在5—9月,占全年80.8%。2010、2012、2014年华南、华北沿海地区暴雨量占比较高,部分达到60%以上,2008、2013、2016年华南沿海、湖北地区暴雨量占比较高。5—9月中国暴雨分布较广,暴雨量较大,主要分布在珠江口、江西东北部、海南、台湾、浙江福建沿海地区,年均月暴雨量约150 mm。年均暴雨场次、暴雨量呈东南沿海往西北内陆不断减少的趋势,高值区主要为华南地区和长江中下游地区。小暴雨事件与总暴雨事件分布相似;大暴雨主要集中在两广沿海地区、海南的东部和台湾的南部;特大暴雨事件零星分布在中国东南部。近9年,暴雨场次总体呈增加趋势,华南地区和长江中下游地区暴雨场次和暴雨量增加最为明显。Based on the data set of China automatic station and CMORPH precipitation product fusion grid,this paper analyzes the spatial-temporal distribution characteristics and change trend of rainstorm number and rainstorm amount in 2008—2016 in China by the methods of rainfall object identification and Theil-Sen estimator.The research shows that there are 24676 rainstorms in 2008—2016,including 20135 small rainstorms,4230 heavy rainstorms and 311 extremely heavy rainstorms.The rainstorm events in the whole year are at most in 2012 and at least in 2011 with only 42,which occur frequently from May to September,accounting for 80.8%of the whole year.In 2010,2012 and 2014,the rainstorms in the coastal areas of South China and North China accounted for a relatively high proportion,some of which reached more than 60%.In 2008,2013 and 2016,the rainstorms in the coastal areas of South China and Hubei accounted for a relatively high proportion.From May to September,the rainstorm in China is widely distributed with large amount,mainly in the Pearl River Estuary,Northeast Jiangxi,and coastal areas of Hainan,Taiwan,Zhejiang and Fujian,with an annual average monthly rainstorm of about 150 mm.The number and amount of rainstorms are decreasing from the southeast coast to the northwest inland,with high value areas mainly in South China and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.The distribution of small rainstorms is similar to that of the total rainstorms.The heavy rainstorms are mainly concentrated in the coastal areas of Guangdong and Guangxi,the eastern Hainan and the southern Taiwan.Extremely heavy rainstorms are scattered in Southeast China.In the past 9 years,the number of rainstorms has increased,especially in South China and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River,with significantly increased amount.

关 键 词：暴雨场次 暴雨量 变化趋势 

分 类 号：TV211.11[水利工程—水文学及水资源]