“华光礁Ⅰ号”南宋沉船船体构件的用材分析  

Analysis of timbers for hull units of the Song Dynasty HuaguangjiaoⅠshipwreck

作　　者：包春磊[1] BAO Chunlei(Hainan Provincial Museum, Haikou 570203, China)

机构地区：[1]海南省博物馆,海南海口570203

出　　处：《文物保护与考古科学》2020年第4期58-65,共8页Sciences of Conservation and Archaeology

基　　金：海南省哲学社会科学2018年规划基金资助(HNSK(ZC)18-25)。

摘　　要：对“华光礁Ⅰ号”出水的南宋沉船船体构件第1~6层板、龙骨、立柱等31个样本进行了树种的鉴定。结果表明:“华光礁Ⅰ号”船体木材树种有松科、柏科、樟科、杉科、大戟科等,松科居多;木材主要来自华中、华南地区,这些地区是中国历史上重要的造船用材产地。同时分析了该船不同构件所用木材的特点及来源,并对造船用材与树种进行了比较。“华光礁Ⅰ号”沉船构件用材表明,古代匠人非常熟悉各种木材的性质,并能根据材料的特性使用在船只的不同部位。In our study,identification of timber species,based on their microscopic structures,was carried out on 29 samples from different hull units of the Southern Song Dynasty HuaguangjiaoⅠshipwreck,including the 1st to the 5th decks,the keel and columns.The results show that timber species were diverse but that the most frequently-used timbers are Cinnamomum Trew,Machilus Nees,Cunninghamia R.Br,Pinus Linn,Cupressus Linn and Drypetes Vahl,which are mainly from the central and southern China.Pinus Linn.is the main species.Most of these timbers are important traditional shipbuilding materials in China.In addition,the characteristics and sources of timbers used for different parts of the ship for different purposes were analyzed.Timber selection of HuaguangjiaoⅠshipwreck indicates that ancient craftsmen not only knew well the properties of different timbers,but could also reasonably select timbers for hull units with different functions.

关 键 词：华光礁Ⅰ号 沉船 木材鉴定 船体构件 用材分析 

分 类 号：K875.3[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]