从符号荒野到自然荒野--解构理论与斯奈德的生态诗  

Deconstruction Theory and Gary Snyder's Eco-Poetry

作　　者：王冬菊 Wang Dongju(Lecturer,Research Center for European and American Literature/School of English Studies,Xi’an International Studies University,Xi’an,Shannxi Province,China)

机构地区：[1]西安外国语大学欧美文学研究中心/英文学院,陕西西安710128

出　　处：《外国文学》2020年第4期160-171,共12页Foreign Literature

摘　　要：20世纪六七十年代起,随着解构理论的盛行而出现在美国诗坛的语言诗派,以德里达延异学说为理论依据,以"无意义"为旨归,以语言的"自我指涉"为主题,玩起了语言游戏。与此同时,以斯奈德为代表的一批生态诗人,继承美国文学的田园诗传统,将人们的注意力从能指与所指的差异和距离引开,用自身的荒野经历和体验指出人类语言与自然语言、文化与自然之间的相通相似,为人类文明找到意义。因此,他们的创作被称为指涉诗学。本文通过分析、讨论斯奈德生态诗歌中延异与指涉之间的张力,探讨美国诗歌如何从解构理论的符号荒野走向现象学的自然荒野。The influence of Deconstruction theory has been on the rise since the 1960s.The so-called Language Poets,following the Differance theory of Derrida,take delight in playing language games and intend to convey nothing but the self-referential fact of language.Meanwhile,a group of ecopoets,Gary Snyder being a typical representative,by tracing the pastoral tradition of American literature,launch a quite different poetic trend.They cite their own experiences and perceptions of the natural wilderness,look beyond the distance and difference between signifier and signified,discover the parallel qualities between nature and culture,nature language and human language,and succeed in finding meaning for human civilization.Their poetics is called Referance.B y analyzing and discussing the tension between Differance and Referance in Gary Snyder's eco-poetry,this paper intends to show ho w American poetry manages to walk out of Deconstruction theory’s wilderness of signs into the wilderness of nature.

关 键 词：加里·斯奈德 生态诗 解构理论 指涉诗学 梅洛-庞蒂 

分 类 号：I712[文学—其他各国文学]