放飞出科学——系统工程陟览  

A retrospect to a historical episode of triumphant application of systems engineering

作　　者：宋健[1] SONG Jian(Chinese Academy of Engineering,Beijing 100088,China)

机构地区：[1]中国工程院,北京100088

出　　处：《系统工程理论与实践》2020年第8期1927-1934,共8页Systems Engineering-Theory & Practice

摘　　要：国家军事需求是推动科学技术高速进步的动源.20世纪长达50年的热战和冷战肇始了航空、航天、航海和原子能技术的大发展,引发了原子物理、粒子物理、空间科学、宇宙学和电子计算机等大科学工程的辉煌成就.系统科学的主要组分,如:运筹学(1939)、控制论(1948)、信息论(1949)、计算数学等学科和系统工程在大科技工程中的广泛应用都是在这个潮流中诞生和发展起来的.在电子计算机出现以前,系统工程的思想与方法已广泛应用于军事部门,用人力组合(特种部队)代替计算机:侦察部队采集信息;参谋部优选作战方案;司令战术指挥;所属部队坚决执行指令;后勤保障部队确保物资供应等.中国人民解放战争(1946-1950)的最优战略决策、超绝的组织指挥(十大军事原则),使得解放军仅三年多即达到以少吃多、以弱胜强的战略目标,迎来了中华人民共和国的诞生.这是人力军事系统工程的史诗范典,永垂青史.The demand of national development and strength has been a major driving force to push science and technology going forward in recent times.The hot and cold war lasting almost 50 years in 20 th century had initiated the developments of aerospace and atomic technology,which promoted enormous achievements in basic science of atomic physics,particle physics,space science,cosmology and built many big science projects like electronic computers.The major components of system science such as operations research(1939),cybernetics(1948),information theory(1949),computational mathematics and the extensive application of system engineering in the area of mega scientific and technological projects have all been created and developed along this trend.Before the advent of electronic computer,the theory and methodology of system engineering had been widely used in military affairs.The assembled workforce(special troops)work as a computer network:scouting troop is responsible for information collecting;staff for choosing operation plan;commander for tactically operating;the subordinate troops for executing instruction resolutely,logistic supporting unit for ensuring material supply and etc.During the Liberation War(1946-1950),the People Liberation Army,directed by the optimal strategic decision making and transcendent organizing and commanding tactics(Ten Major Principles of Operation),had accomplished the strategic goal of defeating bigger and stronger with few and weak forces within just four years,which brought about the founding of the People’s Republic of China.It set an epic successful example of manpower military system engineering,which will be cherished and remembered in the annals of history.

关 键 词：军事系统工程 中国人民解放战争 十大军事原则 最优战略决策 

分 类 号：N945[自然科学总论—系统科学]