酸洗废液间歇式精馏过程的热力性能分析  

Thermal Performance Analysis of Waste Pickling Liquid on Batch Distillation Process

作　　者：陈小强 张建军[2,3] 李帅旗[2,3] 冯自平[2,3] CHEN Xiao-qiang;ZHANG Jian-jun;LI Shuai-qi;FENG Zi-ping(University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei 230026,China;Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Guangzhou 510640,China;CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy,Guangzhou 510640,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学技术大学,合肥230026 [2]中国科学院广州能源研究所,广州510640 [3]中国科学院可再生能源重点实验室,广州510640

出　　处：《新能源进展》2020年第4期325-330,共6页Advances in New and Renewable Energy

摘　　要：工业生产过程中产生大量的各种工业废酸,其中酸洗废液是重要的工业废酸之一,主要来源于电路板刻蚀、管材酸洗以及金属表面处理等行业的酸洗过程,其中含少量铁盐的低浓度废酸可以通过回收利用达到保护环境和节约资源的双重目的。针对低浓度废盐酸的资源化利用问题,本文通过搭建精馏塔实验平台,以蒸汽为供热源,进行了低浓度废盐酸间歇精馏操作实验。实验测定了HCl-H2O体系的相对挥发度和气、液相平衡数据,研究了不同时间下塔釜、塔顶温度场和浓度场的分布情况以及不同的初始溶液浓度、回流比等操作参数对间歇精馏过程的影响,并对整个系统进行了有效能分析,探究能量损失的主要原因。研究结果表明:当实验达到稳定运行状态时,随着加热时间的延长,塔釜酸液浓度缓慢上升接近某一个特定值,测得其质量分数为18.2%,塔顶馏出液pH维持在5.5左右,验证了该精馏塔装置浓缩低浓度稀盐酸的可行性。该系统有效能的效率为43.94%,需要进一步对系统进行能量优化和系统改进,以提高其能量效率。A large amount of various industrial waste acids are generated in the process of manufacturing production,among which waste pickling liquid is one of important industrial waste acid.It mainly originates from the pickling process of circuit board etching,pipe pickling,metal surface treatment and so on.The low-concentration waste acid containing a small amount of iron salt can be recycled for the dual purposes of environment protection and resource conservation.In this paper,aiming at resourceful utilization of low-concentration waste hydrochloric acid,the experimental platform of distillation column was built,and the batch distillation operation experiment of low concentration waste hydrochloric acid was carried out with steam as heating source.In the experiment,the relative volatility and vapor-liquid equilibrium data of HCl-H2O system were measured.The distribution of temperature and concentration fields of the bottom and top at different time and the influence of operating parameters such as different initial solution concentration and reflux ratio on the batch distillation process were studied.Then,the exergy analysis of the whole system and the main reasons of energy loss were further analyzed.The results showed that when the experiment reached steady operation state,with the extension of heating time,the acid concentration rose slowly and approached to a certain value in the bottom,the measured fraction was 18.2%,and the pH value of the distillate at the top of the tower maintained at about 5.5,which verifies the feasibility of concentrating low-concentration dilute hydrochloric acid in the distillation tower.And the exergy efficiency of the system was 43.94%,further energy optimization and system improvement were needed to improve the exergy efficiency.

关 键 词：工业废酸 精馏塔 温度场和浓度场 有效能分析 

分 类 号：TK09[动力工程及工程热物理]