山西大同金港园墓地北魏颅骨特征  

Skull characteristics of Northern Wei residents from Jingangyuan graveyard in Datong of Shanxi

作　　者：樊欣 侯晓刚 李树云 周亚威[1] Fan Xin;Hou Xiaogang;Li Shuyun;Zhou Yawei(History College,Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou 450001;Datong Institute of Archaeology,Datong 037000,China)

机构地区：[1]郑州大学历史学院,郑州450001 [2]大同市考古研究所,大同037000

出　　处：《解剖学杂志》2020年第4期327-335,共9页Chinese Journal of Anatomy

基　　金：国家哲学社会科学基金青年基金(17CKG021);河南中原文明探源工程项目—子课题“郑州地区仰韶文化人骨的体质与DNA研究及数据库建设”;第57批中国博士后科学基金面上基金(2015M572113);西北大学文化遗产研究与保护技术教育部重点实验室开放研究课题“郑州地区仰韶文化人骨的体质人类学研究”;2019河南省高等教育教学改革重点项目(2019SJGLX015Y);国家社会科学基金重大项目(19ZDA227)。

摘　　要：目的:对金港园墓地北魏时期颅骨进行研究,为大同地区古代居民群体构成、居民体质特征及人类学等研究提供参考资料。方法:选用7例完整北魏时期成年颅骨,按体质人类学测量方法测量,并进行形态学研究和种系纯度检验分析。将男性颅骨数据与现代亚洲蒙古人种进行比较,与古代对比组进行主成分分析。结果:金港园组颅骨标本具有简单颅顶缝、中等犬齿窝、鼻根处凹陷不明显、宽阔而扁平的面型、颧骨上颌骨下缘转角欠圆钝、较高鼻前窝型梨状孔下缘出现率,属于亚洲蒙古人种范畴。纯度检验系数显示金港园墓地北魏组所表现出的种系差异超出了较纯的种系类型,但应当同属于亚洲蒙古类型。主成分分析和均方根值的结果显示,金港园北魏组与水泊寺廉租房组、大同北魏组以及虒祁组最接近,与北亚类型各对比组距离较远。结论:金港园北魏组古代居民体质特征与大同原住民关系较为密切。Objective:The study of the crania of the Northern Wei Dynasty in the Jingangyuan graveyard provides reference materials for the study of the composition,physique characteristics and anthropology of the ancient residents in Datong.Methods:Seven complete adult cranium were measured according to the method of physique anthropological measurement,and morphological study and pedigree purity test were carried out.The mean values of male cranial data were compared with those of modern Asian Mongolians,and principal component analysis was carried out with the ancient contrast group.Results:The racial type of the Jingangyuan group crania was closely related to the Asian Mongoloids,that had simple cranial vault sutures,moderate canine fossa,nasion depression was not obvious,wide and flat facial type,the lower edge of zygomatic maxilla was less round and obtuse,the lower margin of the piriform aperture of the nasal anterior fossa had a higher incidence.Based on the purity test coefficient,it was concluded that the germline difference of the Northern Wei group in the Jingangyuan graveyard exceeded the purer germline type.However,they should belong to the Asian Mongolian type.The result of principal component analysis and root mean square showed that the Jingangyuan group was the closest to the Shuibosi group,the Datong Northern Wei group and the Siqi group,and it was far away from the contrast groups of the North Asian type.Conclusion:The physical characteristics of the ancient residents in the Jingangyuan graveyard are closely related to Datong aborigines.

关 键 词：金港园墓地 北魏平城 颅骨 群体 

分 类 号：Q981[天文地球—古生物学与地层学]