电焊机焊接电缆电磁暴露安全评估  

Electromagnetic exposure safety assessment of welding cables during welding

作　　者：蔺敏 逯迈 魏孔炳 孙军民 杜庆中 LIN Min;LU Mai;WEI Kongbing;SUN Junmin;DU Qingzhong((Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronic Technology and Intelligent Control of Ministry of Education,Lanzhou Jiaotong University,Lanzhou 730070,China;China Energy Construction Group Gansu Electric Power Design Institute Co.,Ltd.,Lanzhou 730050,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州交通大学光电技术与智能控制教育部重点实验室,兰州730070 [2]中国能源建设集团甘肃省电力设计院有限公司,兰州730050

出　　处：《辐射研究与辐射工艺学报》2020年第4期67-74,共8页Journal of Radiation Research and Radiation Processing

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51567015、51867014);甘肃省教育厅项目(2018D-08)资助。

摘　　要：采用ANSYS软件模拟焊接工作环境,加入人体模型来模拟焊接时人体所受的辐射情况。对同类型焊机工作时所产生的磁场实地测量。将磁感应强度的仿真结果与测量结果进行比对分析,得出二者误差在10%以内。再与国际非电离辐射防护委员会(ICNIRP)导则提出的该频率段职业暴露限值(100μT)作对比,进行量化分析。结果表明:当焊接电源输出大电流(500 A)且焊接电缆非常贴近人体时,在人体内部产生的磁感应强度达到实验峰值;电缆在腰部、手腕等部位产生的最大磁感应强度为63.36μT,占ICNIRP标准的63.36%;焊接电缆产生的磁场不会对从业者产生健康风险。当焊接电缆的输出电流依次为400 A、200 A、100 A时,产生的磁感应强度逐渐减小,分别占ICNIRP标准的50%、21%、11%;而当焊接电缆与人体的距离增大到0.1 m时,这几个值分别变为13%、5%、2.6%;说明在焊接过程中,输出电流的变化对焊接电缆所产生的磁场分布产生影响;磁感应强度与电流正相关,与距离呈负相关。In this study,we adopted the ANSYS software to simulate the work environment and used a model to simulate the influence of radiation on the human body during welding.We perform on-site measurement of the magnetic field generated by the welding machine of a similar one.By comparing the simulation results of the magnetic flux density with the measurement results,it is concluded that the error between them is less than 10%.Then,we compare the results with the occupational exposure limit of this frequency band proposed by the International Committee on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection(ICNIRP)—100 mT for quantitative analysis.The results indicate that when the welding power source outputs a high current(500 A)and the welding cable is near the human body,the magnetic flux density generated inside the human body reaches the experimental peak.Consequently,the maximum magnetic flux density generated by the cable on the waist,wrist,and other body parts is 63.36 mT,accounting for the ICNIRP standard of 63.36%.Hence,the magnetic field generated by the welding cable does not pose a health risk to the practitioner.When the output current of the welding cable is reduced to 400A,200A,and 100 A,respectively,the generated magnetic flux density accounts for 50%,21%,and 11%of the ICNIRP standard.Additionally,when the distance between the welding cable and human body increased to 0.1 m,these values become 13%,5%,and 2.6%.This demonstrates that during the welding process,the change of output current has an effect on the distribution of the magnetic field generated by the welding cable.Moreover,the magnetic flux density is directly proportional to the magnitude of the current,and the distance from the welding cable determines the magnitude of the magnetic field strength at that location when a similar output current is generated,which is inversely related to the distance.

关 键 词：环境监测 仿真 现场测量 职业暴露 安全标准 

分 类 号：X837[环境科学与工程—环境工程] TL929[核科学技术—核燃料循环与材料]