转cry1Ab/cry2Aj和g10evo-epsps基因玉米双抗12-5对家蚕的安全性评价  

Effects of Transgenic Maize(Zea mays)Event DR 12-5 with Cry1Ab/cry2Aj and g10evo-epsps Genes on Silkworm(Bombyx mori)

作　　者：祝旋 姜媛媛 来勇敏 陈笑芸[1] 汪小福[1] 徐晓丽[1] 徐俊锋[1] ZHU Xuan;JIANG Yuan-Yuan;LAI Yong-Min;CHEN Xiao-Yun;WANG Xiao-Fu;XU Xiao-Li;XU Jun-Feng(State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products,Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Hangzhou 310021,China;Fuyang Normal University,Fuyang 236037,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江省农业科学院省部共建农产品质量安全国家重点实验室,杭州310021 [2]阜阳师范学院,阜阳236037

出　　处：《农业生物技术学报》2020年第7期1269-1276,共8页Journal of Agricultural Biotechnology

基　　金：浙江省公益类项目(LGN18C200029)。

摘　　要：对非靶标生物可能造成的影响是转基因作物(如转Bt基因玉米(Zea mays))环境安全性评价的重要方面。由于家蚕(Bombyx mori)与转Bt基因玉米的靶标害虫具有较近的亲缘关系,转Bt基因玉米有可能通过花粉飘落到邻近地块的桑叶上从而对家蚕产生影响。本研究通过室内生测的方法评价了转cry1Ab/cry2Aj基因玉米‘双抗12-5'花粉对家蚕生长发育和生殖的潜在影响。实验采用在桑(Morus alba)叶上涂抹不同浓度的转基因玉米‘双抗12-5'或其非转基因对照玉米花粉饲喂家蚕。结果表明,当桑叶上转基因玉米'双抗12-5'花粉达40 g/L(10000粒/cm^2)时,家蚕的存活率显著下降,并在喂食8 d后全部死亡,而0.4 g/L(100粒/cm^2)和4 g/L(1000粒/cm^2)花粉处理对家蚕的存活率无显著影响。与无花粉处理和非转基因亲本对照花粉处理相比,0.4 g/L和4 g/L转基因玉米花粉处理使各龄期家蚕的体重显著降低,发育历期显著延长,但对家蚕化蛹率、羽化率、茧重、蛹重、茧层重和产卵量无显著影响。对5龄期家蚕体内抗氧化酶活性的检测显示转基因玉米'双抗12-5'处理组超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)、过氧化物酶(peroxidase,POD)和过氧化氢酶(hydrogen peroxide,CAT)酶活性显著升高,且花粉浓度越高酶活性越高。以上实验结果表明转基因玉米‘双抗12-5'在桑叶表面的分布达100粒/cm^2时对家蚕的生长产生影响,并且密度越高影响越大,但是在实际生产过程中,受距离、天气条件、花期等各种环境因素的影响,桑叶上漂移沉积的玉米花粉数量达不到实验所用的密度,因此转Bt基因玉米的种植对家蚕养殖风险较低。本研究为评价转基因抗虫玉米对家蚕的潜在风险提供理论依据。The possible impacts on nontarget organisms of transgenic crops are important in environmental risk assessment for genetically modified organisms(GMOs),such as Bt maize(Zea mays).Because Bombyx mori belongs to the same order as the target pests of transgenic Bt maize,i.e.,the Lepidoptera,it may be affected by consuming mulberry leaves covered with pollen from nearby transgenic Bt maize.In this study,laboratory experiments were conducted to assess the potential effects of transgenic maize'DR12-5'pollen on growth and reproduction of B.mori.In the assay,B.mori larvae were fed mulberry(Morus alba)leaves covered with different densities of pollen from'DR12-5'or its corresponding near isoline(control).When B.mori larvae were exposed to 40 g/L(10000 grains/cm^2)transgenic maize'DR12-5'pollen,the survival rate dropped significantly,and no larvae could survive after 8 d.When the'DR12-5'pollen concentration on the leaves of mulberry was 4 g/L or 0.4 g/L,no lethal effect was observed but the development of the neonate larvae was inhibited.The weights of different instar larvae were significantly decreased,and the development time was significantly prolonged than control larvae.However,there were no significant differences in pupation rate,emergence rate,cocoon weight,pupa weight,cocoon shell weight and oviposition between GM maize pollen and its non-transgenic cron pollen.The activity of the anti-oxidation enzyme system in 5th instar silkworms was detected,and it was found that the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD),peroxidase(POD)and hydrogen peroxide(CAT)in'DR 12-5'-treated silkworms were significantly increased,and the higher the pollen concentration,the higher the enzyme activity.The above results showed that'DR 12-5'pollen densities≥100 grains/cm^2 leaf had negative effects on the growth of the silkworms and the adverse effect was improved with higher pollen density.In the natural conditions,the drift of maize pollen is affected by various environmental factors such as distance,weather conditions and so on.And t

关 键 词：BT基因 玉米 花粉 家蚕 生长发育 生化反应 

分 类 号：S-3[农业科学] Q31[生物学—遗传学]