脊柱脊髓疾病的基础研究现状和展望  

Current situation and prospect of basic research on spinal cord diseases

作　　者：冯世庆[1] Feng Shiqing(Department of Orthopaedics,General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord,International Sci Tech Cooperation Base for Spinal Cord Injury,Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China,Tianjin 300052,China)

机构地区：[1]天津医科大学总医院骨科天津市脊柱脊髓重点实验室国家科技部国际脊髓损伤国际科技合作基地,300052

出　　处：《中华实验外科杂志》2020年第6期993-1000,共8页Chinese Journal of Experimental Surgery

摘　　要：脊柱脊髓疾病包括创伤性疾病、退变性疾病、代谢性疾病、结核与肿瘤等,严重危害患者生命健康,为患者及社会带来沉重的负担。随着现代分子生物技术、生物信息学及基因编辑技术的发展,脊柱脊髓疾病的基础研究取得突破性成果。脊柱脊髓损伤微环境失衡理论为细胞移植、组织工程、外泌体及神经调控等修复策略提供了理论依据。在传统延缓退变及替代治疗的基础上,基因修饰技术为逆转椎间盘退变带来了希望。多种病理因素的发现完善了脊柱侧凸的病理机制。骨重塑生化标志物及免疫调控的研究为脊柱骨质疏松的诊断及治疗提供了新靶点;多组学和遗传学的应用深入揭示了脊柱结核的病理机制。脊柱肿瘤微环境的研究为调控破骨过程及炎性小体治疗骨肿瘤奠定了基础.Spinal and spinal cord diseases include traumatic diseases,degenerative diseases,metabolic diseases,tuberculosis,and tumors,which are serious threats to life and health.With the development of modern molecular biotechnology,bioinformatics and gene editing technology,breakthroughs have been made in basic research of the spine and spinal cord diseases.The spinal cord injury microenvironment imbalance theory provides a theoretical basis for repair strategies such as cell transplantation,tissue engineering,exosomes,and neural control;based on traditional repair strategies,genetic modification technology is used to reverse disc degeneration;the discovery of a variety of pathological factors has improved the pathological mechanism of scoliosis;the study of bone turnover markers and immune regulation provides a new target for the diagnosis and treatment of spinal osteoporosis;multi-omics and the application of genetics have revealed the pathological mechanism of spinal tuberculosis in depth;the study of the tumor microenvironment has laid a foundation for regulating osteoclast process and treating inflammatory bodies for spinal tumors.Continuously revealing the pathological molecular microenvironment is the focus of basic research,and the safe and effective repair strategy is also the goals pursued by basic research,but the clinical translation is still the future of basic research of the spine and spinal cord diseases.

关 键 词：脊柱脊髓疾病 基础研究 病理机制 治疗策略 

分 类 号：R681.5[医药卫生—骨科学] R651.2[医药卫生—外科学]