光电倍增管关键技术研究进展  

Research Progress on Key Technologies of Photomultiplier Tubes

作　　者：郭乐慧 陈萍[1,3] 李立立 吴胜利 田进寿[1,3] GUO Le-hui;CHEN Ping;LI Li-li;WU Sheng-li;TIAN Jin-shou(Key Laboratory of Ultra-fast Photoelectric Diagnostics Technology,Xi an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Xi an 710119,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics,Shanxi University,Taiyuan 030006,China;Key Laboratory of Physical Electronics and Devices,Ministry of Education,School of Electronic Science and Engineering,Xi an Jiaotong University,Xi an 710049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所超快诊断技术重点实验室,陕西西安710119 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]山西大学极端光学协同创新中心,山西太原030006 [4]西安交通大学电子物理与器件教育部重点实验室电子科学与工程学院,陕西西安710049

出　　处：《真空电子技术》2020年第4期1-13,27,共14页Vacuum Electronics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(批准号:11805267);中国科学院资助项目(批准号:GJJSTD20190004)。

摘　　要：光电倍增管(PMT)是一种可以将极微弱光信号转化成电信号并加以放大的光电探测器件,对微弱光信号的敏感性使其发展与应用尤为引人注目。为满足医学成像、高能物理探测等“高精尖”领域对PMT高量子效率、高探测效率、高增益、快响应以及低噪声等特性的严格要求,不同新型PMT关键技术方案被相继提出与研究。本文就此回顾了PMT技术发展历程、基本结构、原理及分类,立足实际应用需求重点从阴极探测面直径小于8英寸的小型PMT与8~20英寸的大面积PMT两大管型方面总结和探讨了目前基于不同结构设计与参数的PMT关键技术研究进展与新突破,最后对PMT发展前景进行了展望。Photomultiplier tube(PMT)is a kind of photodetector device which can convert extremely weak light signals into electrical signals and amplify them.The high sensitivity of PMTs to weak light signals makes their applications particularly attractive.In order to meet the strict requirements of high quantum efficiency,high detection efficiency,high gain,fast response and low noise in the“high-tech”fields such as medical imaging and high-energy physical detection,different kinds of key technical solutions for PMTs have been proposed and studied.In this paper,the development history,basic structures,principle and classification of the PMT technologies are reviewed.Based on practical application requirements,the research progress and new breakthrough of PMT key technologies based on different structures and parameters are summarized and discussed,and the main attention is focused on the small PMTs with cathode detection surface diameters less than 8 inches and the large PMTs with those of 8~20 inches.Finally,the development prospect of PMTs is expected.

关 键 词：光电倍增管 结构设计 特性 应用 

分 类 号：TN152[电子电信—物理电子学]