功能句法理论的融合与发展  

Integration and Development of Functional Syntactic Theories

作　　者：何伟 仲伟 HE Wei;ZHONG Wei(National Research Centre for Foreign Language Education,Beijing Foreign Studies University,Beijing 100089,China)

机构地区：[1]北京外国语大学中国外语与教育研究中心,北京100089

出　　处：《上海交通大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2020年第3期102-114,共13页Journal of Shanghai Jiao tong University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：教育部人文社科重点研究基地重大项目子课题“汉外对比及外语学习者语言研究”(19JJD740002);国家社科基金重大项目“‘一带一路’沿线国家语言资源数据库建设及汉外对比研究”(19ZDA319)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：本文以语言系统层次观与级阶假说为切入点,对比系统功能语言学领域悉尼模式和加的夫模式的语法/句法范畴及关系,指出加的夫模式对意义与形式的明确区分以及所持的弱级阶假说有其合理性,其对小句级阶的句法描述比较清晰,然而对词组级阶的句法描述较为繁杂,易造成句法与语义分析的不一致。对此,本文融合两种模式的语法/句法思想,提出一个更弱的级阶假说,主张句法范畴以及句法关系的界定应尽可能地体现语言的复杂性特征,也就是句法单位与形式项的划分应以语言现象所体现语义特征的实际情况而非潜势性,以及形式上是否真正拥有内部结构为标准。相应地,经融合与发展的功能句法理论中句法单位的范围变小,形式项的范围变大;形式项的句法地位得到凸显,句法中填充关系发生的概率变小,说明关系发生的概率变大。With reference to their different views about the strata of the language system and their different versions of rank scale hypothesis,this paper has compared the two main models of Systemic Functional Linguistics,the Sydney Model and the Cardiff Model,in terms of grammatical or syntactic categories and relations.It seems that the clear distinction between meaning and form of language and a weak version of rank scale hypothesis maintained by the Cardiff Model are more convincing.The description of the rank of clause in the Cardiff Model seems to be more reasonable,but its description of the rank of group/phrase seems to be redundant and gives rise to inconsistencies between descriptions of form and meaning.Based on the study of the two main models,this paper proposes a much weaker version of rank scale hypothesis,and argues that descriptions of syntactic categories and relations should take the complexity of language as the basis.In the improved model of functional syntax,descriptions of syntactic units and items are conditioned on the actual semantic features expressed in the concerned linguistic phenomenon rather than on semantic potentials,and accordingly at the level of form on whether the linguistic phenomenon has a structure.As a result,the scope of syntactic units become smaller while that of items bigger;the syntactic status of items becomes more prominent,and the occurrence probability of filling becomes higher while that of exponence lower.

关 键 词：功能句法理论 悉尼模式 加的夫模式 融合与发展 

分 类 号：H043[语言文字—语言学]