降水集中度分析及其在水稻灌溉决策中的应用——以湖北省漳河灌区为例  

Rice Irrigation Decision-making Based on Precipitation Concentration:A Case Study of Zhanghe Irrigation District in Hubei Province

作　　者：付浩龙 刘凤丽[1] 李亚龙[1] 熊玉江 FU Haolong;IIU Fengli;IL Yalong;XIONG Yujiang(Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute,Wwhan,Hubei 430010,China)

机构地区：[1]长江科学院农业水利研究所,湖北武汉430010

出　　处：《水利与建筑工程学报》2020年第4期35-40,共6页Journal of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51709010);中央级科学事业单位基本科研业务费项目(CKSF2017049/NS;CKSF2019514/NY)。

摘　　要：为充分利用有效降水,合理制定灌溉决策,通过收集南方典型水稻种植区湖北省漳河灌区钟祥站点1965年—2016年52 a逐日气象资料,利用降水集中度指数,基于Morlet小波分析和Mann-Kendall趋势检验法,分析了水稻不同生育期内降水分布特征及其在水稻灌溉决策中的应用。结果表明:水稻全生育期降水正逐步向分散均匀的阶段转变,分蘖期较拔节—孕穗和乳熟—黄熟两个生育期降水集中,且作为需水敏感期的拔节—孕穗期降水集中度呈现逐年上升的趋势且U_(mk)值最大。在灌溉决策当中,就全生育期而言,随着降水分布均匀,应考虑充分利用有效降水,适当减少灌溉水量或次数,避免灌溉水浪费;就各生育期而言,由于分蘖期降水较集中,应适当避免降水极值发生导致灌则灌水浪费、不灌则受旱的情况发生,同时针对需水敏感的拔节—孕穗期降水集中度呈现上升的趋势,在未来应加强此阶段灌溉决策,保证作物正常需水。In order to make effective use of precipitation and irrigation decisions rationally,this paper collected 52 years daily meteorological data from 1965—2016 at Zhongxiang station in Zhanghe Irrigation District.Precipitation concentration index with Morlet wavelet analysis and Mann-Kendall(MK)trend test were adopted to analyze the characteristics of precipitation distribution which was then applied in rice irrigation decision in different growth period of rice.The results showed that:the rainfall in the whole growth stage was gradually shifting to be uniform,the rain concentration in tillering stage was more than Jointing-booting stage and Milky-maturing stage,the precipitation concentration in Jointing-booting stage which had a largest Umk and showed an upward trend.In the irrigation decision-making,if the whole growth stage with evenly distributed rainfall,in order to avoid irrigation water waste,it should be considered to make full use of effective rainfall with appropriately reducing the amount of irrigation water or times;For the each growth stage,because of being more rainfall in the tillering stage,the irrigation should be properly avoided,which would lead to waste of irrigation water or drought without irrigation.At the same time,the precipitation concentration showed an increasing trend in Jointing-booting stage,therefore,the irrigation decision at this stage should be strengthened in the future to ensure the normal water demand of crops.

关 键 词：水稻 生育期 降水集中度 灌溉决策 

分 类 号：S275.3[农业科学—农业水土工程]