减税能促进企业创新吗?——基于所得税分享改革的准自然实验  

Can Tax Reduction Promote Firm Innovation?A Quasi-Natural Experiment Based on the Income Tax Sharing Reform

作　　者：高正斌 张开志 倪志良 Gao Zhengbin;Zhang Kaizhi;Ni Zhiliang

机构地区：[1]南开大学经济学院,中国特色社会主义经济建设协同创新中心

出　　处：《财政研究》2020年第8期86-100,共15页Public Finance Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“中国城市社区的形成与重塑机理:城市空间规划、社会转型与居民公共服务”(项目编号:71561137003)。

摘　　要：中国经济在由高速增长阶段转向高质量发展阶段后,减税能否促进企业创新,推动高质量发展,受到社会各界的广泛关注。基于这一背景,本文利用2002年实施的企业所得税分享改革准自然实验,采用中国工业企业微观数据,运用断点回归模型考察了减税对企业创新的影响。研究发现,减税能够显著促进企业创新,且税负下降越多的企业,其创新产出越多。核算表明,税率每下降1%,企业的发明专利申请数量约增加0.783件。在影响机制方面,实证结果发现,减税能够通过降低企业融资约束程度促进企业创新。本文为理解税负影响企业创新提供了实证支持,也为进一步推进减税降费政策,减轻企业负担,激发企业创新活力提供了政策启示。Since China’s economy shifted from a high-speed growth stage to a high-quality development stage,whether tax reduction can promote firm innovation and facilitate high-quality development has gained more and more attention from all sectors of society.In this context,based on the micro-data of Chinese industrial enterprises,this paper uses the corporate income tax sharing reform in 2002 as the quasi-natural experiment,and examines the impact of tax reduction on firm innovation by the regression discontinuity model.The research finds that tax reduction can significantly promote firm innovation.The more tax burden declines,the more innovation output firm increases.The measurement suggests that a one-percentage-point tax rate decrease would raise firm’s number of invention patent applications by 0.783.In terms of the impact mechanism,the empirical results show that tax reduction can promote firm innovation by reducing the financing constraints degree of the firm.This paper provides not only empirical support for understanding that tax burden affects firm innovation,but also the policy implications to further promote tax and fee reduction policies,reduce the burden on firms and stimulate the innovation vitality of firms.

关 键 词：减税 企业创新 所得税分享改革 断点回归 

分 类 号：F812.4[经济管理—财政学]