氯化铵及有机碱盐酸盐分解反应的影响因素  

Influencing Factors on Decomposition of Ammonium Chloride and Organic Base Hydrochloride

作　　者：边思雨 关聪聪 王淑芳[1] 王延吉[1] BIAN Siyu;GUAN Congcong;WANG Shufang;WANG Yanji(Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Technology and High Efficient Energy Saving of Hebei Province,Hebei University of Technology,Tianjin 300130,China)

机构地区：[1]河北工业大学绿色化工与高效节能河北省重点实验室,天津300130

出　　处：《化学反应工程与工艺》2019年第5期422-428,共7页Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology

摘　　要：氯化铵是联合制碱中的一种副产品,为实现氮元素和氯元素的高效利用,从根本上解决联碱工业中副产品过剩与环境污染问题,选择几种不同结构的有机碱,对有机碱作用下的氯化铵分解释放氨气和有机碱盐酸盐分解释放氯化氢的反应过程进行了研究,关联了有机碱碱性、结构及溶剂化作用对分解反应的影响。研究结果表明,有机碱碱性对氯化铵分解以及相应有机碱盐酸盐的分解并没有呈现出完全的正相关性。除碱性的影响外,有机碱对分解反应的影响还与有机碱自身的结构及溶剂化作用有关。三己胺和三辛胺是能够同时实现氯化铵分解和相应有机碱盐酸盐分解的适宜有机碱。溶剂对分解反应影响很大,在三己胺和三辛胺作用下的氯化铵分解反应需要在极性的醇溶剂中进行,而相应有机碱盐酸盐的分解则需要以非极性的烷烃为溶剂。Ammonium chloride is a by-product of Hou’s process for soda manufacture.In order to achieve efficient use of nitrogen and chlorine,and fundamentally solve the problems of by-product surplus and environmental pollution,several organic bases of different structures were selected to study the reaction process of decomposing ammonium chloride to release ammonia gas,and organic base hydrochloride to release hydrogen chloride.The effect of organic alkalinity,structure and solvation on the reaction was correlated.The results showed that the organic alkalinity did not showed a completely positive correlation with the decomposition of ammonium chloride and the corresponding organic base hydrochloride.Besides the alkalinity,the structure and solvation of organic base also had an important effect on the reaction.Trihexylamine and trioctylamine were suitable organic bases,which could simultaneously satisfy the decomposition process of ammonium chloride and the corresponding organic base hydrochloride.In addition,solvents also had a great influence on the reaction.The decomposition of ammonium chloride by trihexylamine and trioctylamine should be carried out in a polar alcohol solution,while the decomposition of the corresponding organic base hydrochloride should be performed in a nonpolar alkane solution.

关 键 词：氯化铵 分解 有机碱 有机碱盐酸盐 溶剂化作用 

分 类 号：TQ113[化学工程—无机化工]