思小高速公路野象谷段路域亚洲象活动规律  

Activity Rhythm of Asian Elephants at Wild Elephant Valley Section of Simao-Xiaomengyang Expressway

作　　者：关磊[1,2] 王云 陈兵[2] 王冀 徐景江[3] 郑宏民 赵琨 Guan Lei;Wang Yun;Chen Bing;Wang Ji;Xu Jing-jiang;Zheng Hong-min;Zhao Kun(China Academy of Transportation Sciences,Beijing 100029,China;CATS Technology Group Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100013,China;Yunnan Communicaitions Investment&Construction Group Co.,Ltd.,Kunming 650228,China)

机构地区：[1]交通运输部科学研究院,北京100029 [2]交科院科技集团有限公司,北京100013 [3]云南交通投资建设集团有限公司,云南昆明650228

出　　处：《交通运输研究》2020年第4期52-59,共8页Transport Research

基　　金：中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费项目(20170617);深圳市一个地球自然基金会项目(ORS000/1.1.03.01)。

摘　　要：为了有效保障思小高速公路野象谷段运营安全及路域亚洲象种群生态完整性,于2018年4月10日至2019年10月18日对该路段亚洲象(Elephas maximus)经常活动的4个区域布设20台红外相机进行监测,研究该路域亚洲象的活动规律。结果显示,亚洲象对高速公路桥梁和隧道周边的生境均有利用,日活动节律最频繁的时间段是夜间和黄昏,季节活动节律高峰是1月至7月,其中3月份的活动程度最高。研究表明,亚洲象对高速公路没有明显的回避行为,但监测区内人为干扰对亚洲象的日活动节律影响比较严重;季节活动节律与雨季和旱季的气候特征相关。目前中国境内发生的车辆与亚洲象直接相撞事故较少,考虑未来交通网络发展对亚洲象生境的间接影响,建议在该地区开展交通基础设施规划时,将亚洲象及其生境作为专项内容进行评价,评价结果纳入规划的参考因素。In order to ensure the operation safety of Wild Elephant Valley section of Simao-Xiaomengyang expressway and guarantee the ecological integrity of Asian elephant(Elephas maximus) population in road area, 20 infrared cameras were arranged to monitor four Asian elephant active areas from April10, 2018 to October 18, 2019 for researching their activity rhythm. The results show that Asian elephants use habitats around highway bridges and tunnels;the most frequent daily activity rhythm is at night and dusk;the peak period of seasonal activity rhythm is from January to July, with the highest degree of activity in March. The study indicates that Asian elephants have no obvious avoidance behavior on highways, but human disturbance in monitoring area has serious impact on daily activity rhythm of Asian elephants;the seasonal activity rhythm is related to climatic characteristics of rainy and dry seasons. At present, there are fewer direct collisions between vehicles and Asian elephants in China. Considering indirect impact of future transportation network development on habitat of Asian elephants, it is recommended that Asian elephants and their habitats should be taken as special evaluation content when transportation infrastructure planning in this area is carried out, and the evaluation results should be incorporated into planning reference factors.

关 键 词：亚洲象 思小高速 生境 日活动节律 季节活动节律 人为干扰 

分 类 号：U412.2[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程]