阿尔都塞对马克思意识形态理论的重建  

Althusser’s Reconstruction of Marx’s Theory of Ideology

作　　者：张淑梦 Zhang Shumeng

机构地区：[1]武汉大学马克思主义学院

出　　处：《理论界》2020年第8期23-28,共6页Theory Horizon

摘　　要：阿尔都塞以反思人道主义马克思主义的人本学解读模式为契机,以结构主义为基本方法论,结合弗洛伊德的精神分析学理论和斯宾诺莎的哲学理论,对马克思的意识形态理论进行了解析和重建。其重建的贡献不仅在于提出"意识形态一般"概念,从功能角度剖析意识形态发挥作用的具体运行机制,挖掘出意识形态发挥作用的实践抓手环节,而且在马克思意识形态理论的基础上从无意识层面掀开意识形态控制人们的真相,从微观视角拓宽了意识形态理论的研究范围,开了上层建筑领域批判的先河,启示了后人的研究维度。Taking the opportunity to reflect on the humanistic interpretation model of humanitarian Marxism,Althusser used structuralism as its basic methodology,combined with Freud’s psychoanalytic theory and Spinoza’s philosophical theory,to analyze and reconstruct Marx’s consciousness morphology theory.The contribution of his reconstruction lies not only in proposing the concept of"General Ideology"and analyzing the concrete operation mechanism of Ideology from the perspective of function,but also in digging out the practical links where Ideology plays a role.Moreover,the truth that Ideology controls people from the unconscious level is uncovered on the basis of Marx’s Ideology theory by Althusser.From a micro perspective,the research scope of Ideology theory has been broadened,and a precedent for criticizing the field of superstructure has been created,which has enlightened the research dimension of subsequent researchers.

关 键 词：阿尔都塞 意识形态 马克思 重建 

分 类 号：B1[哲学宗教—世界哲学]