高校楼梯间疏散逃生事故致因与防控研究  

Mechanism and prevention of evacuation accidents in stairwells of campuses

作　　者：李晓艳[1] 宁世强 张朋[2] 杨伟利[3] LI Xiao-yan;NING Shi-qiang;ZHANG Peng;YANG Wei-li(School of Energy & Environment,Zhongyuan University of Technology,Zhengzhou 451191,China;School of Electronic Information,Zhongyuan University of Technology,Zhengzhou 451191,China;School of Architectural Engineering,Zhongyuan University of Technology,Zhengzhou 451191,China)

机构地区：[1]中原工学院能源与环境学院,河南郑州451191 [2]中原工学院电子与信息学院,河南郑州451191 [3]中原工学院建筑工程学院,河南郑州451191

出　　处：《西安科技大学学报》2020年第4期606-614,共9页Journal of Xi’an University of Science and Technology

基　　金：教育部产学合作协同育人项目(201902047078);河南省青年骨干教师计划项目(2019GGJS148);河南省煤监局项目(HN19-61);河南省高等学校重点科研项目计划资助项目(19A440012);中原工学院青年人才创新能力基金项目(K2019QN012)。

摘　　要：为探究火灾情境下高校楼梯间疏散逃生事故致因机理,减少火灾疏散逃生事故的发生,运用文献分析法、实验法、问卷调查法、定性和定量分析法对高校火灾问题进行研究,并结合高校火灾疏散模拟实验构建高校楼梯间疏散逃生事故致因模型,发放问卷收集相关数据,运用SPSS 25.0检验数据信度和效度后进行因子分析,并使用AMOS 25.0对模型进行修正拟合。研究表明:火灾逃生情境中个体和群体认知能力、楼梯间空间结构、恐惧心理等因素均对不安全行为有较大影响,在此基础上,建立了高校楼梯间疏散逃生事故防控模型并提出3条防控对策,指出优化安全设计、加强人员行为管控和科学组织引导疏散的重要意义。研究对高校楼梯间疏散逃生事故的防控管理提供一定的借鉴,有助于提升火灾情境中逃生人员的安全决策能力。To explore the mechanism of evacuation accidents in stairwells of campuses and to reduce fire accidents during evacuation,in this paper,fire problems of campuses were studied with literature analysis,experiment,questionnaire survey,qualitative and quantitative analysis.The causation model of accidents was constructed,and the reliability and validity of data were tested and factor analysis was conducted with SPSS 25.0,with the model being modified with AMOS 25.0.This study has shown that human factors such as safety awareness,safety cognition and fear,had a great influence on unsafe behaviors.Accordingly a prevention and control model of behavioral accidents was built and three suggestions were put forward.This research can provide certain references for the prevention and control management of evacuation accidents in stairwells of campuses,which will be beneficial to the personnel ability of safety decision-making.

关 键 词：火灾疏散 事故致因 安全行为 安全管理 安全设计 

分 类 号：X915.2[环境科学与工程—安全科学]