玉米-大豆间作和减量施氮对玉米生长、产量及土壤硝态氮含量的影响  

Effect of Maize-soybean Intercropping and Reduced Nitrogen Application on Maize Growth,Yield and Soil Nitrate Content

作　　者：赵笃勤 刘淑慧[1] 赵凯超 ZHAO Duqin;LIU Shuhui;ZHAO Kaichao(College of Water Resources Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China)

机构地区：[1]太原理工大学水利科学与工程学院,太原030024

出　　处：《西北农业学报》2020年第8期1159-1166,共8页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica

基　　金：山西省基础研究计划(2015021108,201601D021119);国家自然科学基金(51309175);山西省土壤环境与养分资源重点实验室开放基金(2015001)。

摘　　要：通过大田试验,研究玉米单作(MM)、玉米-大豆间作1∶2(IMS1,玉米1行,大豆2行)、2∶2(IMS2,玉米2行,大豆2行)3种种植方式和3种施肥水平不施氮(N0)、减量施氮200 kg/hm^2(N1)、常量施氮300 kg/hm^2(N2)对玉米生长、产量以及土壤硝态氮含量的影响。结果表明,IMS1下,N2玉米叶面积较N0显著提高6.30%。间作和N1处理对玉米产量无显著影响,但显著提高了玉米和大豆总产量。N1较N2的氮肥农学效率显著提高。土壤硝态氮随玉米不同生育期的变化而变化,在成熟期达到最低值。与N2相比,N1土壤硝态氮无显著变化,未对土壤养分产生负面影响并能满足作物对氮素的需求,保持高产。总体来看,玉米大豆间作模式下减量施氮有利于节肥和提高间作体系总产量。In order to explore the effects of maize-soybean intercropping and reduced nitrogen application on maize growth index,yield and soil nitrate content,a field experiment was conducted by setting three planting patterns,namely maize monocropping(MM),line ratio of maize-soybean intercropping 1∶2(IMS1)and line ratio of maize-soybean intercropping 2∶2(IMS2),and three levels of nitrogen fertilizer treatments of no nitrogen(N0),reduced N application 200 kg/hm^2(N1)and conventional nitrogen application 300 kg/hm^2(N2)were carried out.The results showed that,under the condition of IMS1,maize leaf area under treatment of N2 increased by 6.30%compared with N0.Intercropping and N1 did not notably affected maize yield,but increased the total yield of maize and soybean.Compared with N2,the N-fertilizer agronomic efficiency of N1 increased significantly.Soil nitrate nitrogen content changed with different growth stages of maize,the lowest content occurred during the maturity period.Compared with N2,the soil nitrate nitrogen of N1 had no significant difference.It showed that N1 had no negative influence on soil nutrient,and meet the nitrogen remand of crop and high yield.In conclusion,the treatment of N1 in maize-soybean intercropping system can increase total yield of the system and save fertilizer.

关 键 词：玉米-大豆间作 减量施氮 产量 硝态氮 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]