运用动量分析老年人身体站立前倾时的动态平衡特征  

Characteristics of dynamic balance when aged forward leaning by using momentum theorem analysis

作　　者：张帆[1,2] 林榕[3] 蒋琴华 王竹影[2] 吴志建[2] 宋彦李青 ZHANG Fan;LIN Rong;JIANG Qin-Hua(Nanjing Forest Police College,Nanjing 210023,Jiangsu,China)

机构地区：[1]南京森林警察学院特警学院,江苏南京210023 [2]南京师范大学体育学博士后流动站 [3]空军特色医学中心第五研究室 [4]南京信息职业技术学院体育部

出　　处：《中国老年学杂志》2020年第16期3463-3470,共8页Chinese Journal of Gerontology

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(LGZD202002);中国博士后科学基金12批特别资助项目(2019T120441);中国博士后科学基金61批面上项目(2017M611849)。

摘　　要：目的运用动量参数探讨老年人执行身体前倾动作时,年龄差异对动态平衡机制的影响。方法16位健康老年人为老年组,16位健康大学生为年轻组,组内男女各半。受试者站立于测力板上,随机进行自然站立与双脚并拢的前倾动作各10次,并以5台红外线摄影机同步纪录;以MATLAB计算质心线动量与角动量,并以SPSS进行检验。结果执行身体前倾动作时的动态平衡能力,老年人与年轻人在不同支撑面下的质心线动量和角动量存在显著差异(P<0.05);线动量与角动量显著相关(r=0.947),且与压力中心偏离度(r=0.877 vs 0.720)、质心偏离度(r=0.923 vs 0.814)、倾斜角(r=0.671 vs 0.557)等参数呈正相关,而与安全限界(r=-0.819 vs-0.695)呈负相关。结论利用动量参数可以作为评价老年人动态平衡的手段,而促进老年人动态平衡提升,应以训练动态稳定极限位置的质心速度控制能力为优先考虑。Objective To investigate the difference of limit of stability between the elderly and young when body was forward leaning.Methods 16 healthy elderly were divided into elderly group[mean age(68.9±3.7)years old,the average height(165.2±4.6)cm,the average weight(61.2±4.9)kg,the average length of foot(23.9±1.8)cm],and 16 healthy undergraduate were divided into young group[mean age(20.3±2.5)years old,the average height(167.3±4.8)cm,average weight(60.2±4.7)kg,the average length of foot(24.0±3.4)cm].The subjects were asked to stand on the force plate(AMTI,600 Hz),random natural standing feet together and leaning forward movement 10 times,and 5 infrared cameras(VICON,120 Hz)were used to synchronously record.Linear momentum and angular momentum of center of mass were calculated by MATLAB R147.SPSS19 software was used for analysis of variance and Pearson's product difference correlation test(P<0.05).Results For forward leaning in two different base of support,the linear momentum and the angular momentum of the center of mass were significantly different between the elderly and the young people.And there were significant relationship between the linear momentum and the angular momentum of the center of mass,and the parameters for the limit of stability.Conclusions The linear momentum and angular momentum of the center of mass would be provided as good parameters to analyze the limit of stability for the elderly forward leaning.In order to improve the limit of stability,the elderly need to increase the ability to control the velocity of the center of mass at different locations of the center of mass.

关 键 词：动量 站立前倾 动态平衡 稳定极限 

分 类 号：G804.51[文化科学—运动人体科学]