浑善达克沙地多伦生态站沙尘及颗粒物特征研究  

Study on Characteristics of Dust and Particulate Matter in Duolun Ecological Station of Hunshandake Sandy Land

作　　者：曲娜[1] 闫德仁[1] 郭城峰 QU Na;YAN De-ren;GUO Cheng-feng(Inner Mongolia Academy of Forestry Sciences,Hohhot,Inner Mongolia 010010;Hohhot Xincheng Forestry Bureau,Hohhot,Inner Mongolia 010051)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古自治区林业科学研究院,内蒙古呼和浩特010010 [2]呼和浩特市新城区林业局,内蒙古呼和浩特010051

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2020年第16期74-77,共4页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31560239);内蒙古多伦浑善达克沙地生态系统国家定位观测研究站项目(2018-LYPT-DW-012)。

摘　　要：[目的]探讨近地层大气降尘量及其颗粒粒径分布特征,对评价固沙植被生态功能具有重要意义。[方法]利用50 m沙尘观测塔采集了浑善达克沙地多伦生态站不同高度水平沙尘量、垂直降尘量样品,并利用称重法、激光颗粒分析仪和电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪(PE ICP-OES)分别测定沙尘量、颗粒物粒径和化学元素含量。[结果]水平沙尘通量年平均为16.99 mg/(m2·h),垂直降尘量平均为0.05 mg/(m2·h);在相同高度下,水平沙尘量数值比垂直降尘量高1.30~24.49倍。水平沙尘中>20~50μm粒径颗粒物含量为50.41%,10μm粒径以下颗粒物含量平均为9.09%,并随高度增加>2~5和>5~10μm粒径颗粒物含量增加明显;垂直降尘中>20~50和>50~100μm粒径颗粒物含量分别为40.12%和30.02%,10μm粒径以下颗粒物含量平均为4.91%。除SiO2外,多伦生态站沙尘中Fe2O3、Al2O3、MnO、MgO、P2O5、CaO、TiO2含量分别比风沙土中各元素含量增加5.44、0.97、6.91、6.95、4.12、2.30、2.26倍,比苔藓生物结皮层各元素含量分别增加1.98、0.63、1.33、2.42、1.78、0.81和1.18倍。[结论]垂直降尘量或水平沙尘量随高度增高而减小,并呈现出多项式或幂函数关系,并且沙尘中细颗粒物、化学元素含量显著增加。[Objective] The research aimed to discuss the atmospheric dustfall and particle size distribution characteristics of the near-surface layer, which was of great significance for evaluating the ecological function of sand-fixing vegetation. [Method]The sand dust and vertical dustfall samples of different heights in the Duolun ecological station of Hunshandake sandy land were collected by using the 50 m sand dust observation tower, and the amount of dust, particle size and chemical element content were determined by weighing method, laser particle analyzer and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer(PE ICP-OES).[Result]The average annual horizontal dust flux was 16.99 mg/(m2·h),the vertical dustfall was 0.05 mg/(m2·h).At the same height, the horizontal dust amount was 1.30-24.49 times higher than the vertical dustfall. The content of >20-50 μm particle size in horizontal dust was 50.41%, and the average particle content below 10 μm was 9.09%, and with the increase of height, the particle content of >2-5 μm and >5-10 μm particle size increased obviously.The particle contents of >20-50 μm and >50-100 μm of the vertical dustfall were 40.12% and 30.02%, respectively. The average particle content below 10 μm was 4.91%. Compared with the sandy soil,the content of Fe2O3,Al2O3,MnO,MgO,P2O5, CaO,TiO2 in sand dust of Duolun ecological station were increased by 5.44 times, 0.97 times, 6.91 times, 6.95 times,4.12 times,2.30 times,2.26 times,respectively, except for SiO2. Compared with the moss biological crust, the content of Fe2O3,Al2O3,MnO,MgO,P2O5, CaO,TiO2 in sand dust were increased by 1.98 times,0.63 times,1.33 times,2.42 times,1.78 times,0.81 times,1.18 times, respectively, except for SiO2. [Conclusion]The amount of vertical dustfall or horizontal dust decreases with the increase of height, and presents a polynomial or power function relationship,and the content of fine particles and chemical elements in sand dust increases significantly.

关 键 词：水平沙尘通量 垂直降尘量 沙尘粒径 元素含量 颗粒物 浑善达克沙地多伦生态站 

分 类 号：X513[环境科学与工程—环境工程]