南海问题上的话语博弈与中国国际话语权  

Discourse Game and China’s International Discourse Power on the South China Sea Issue

作　　者：张志洲[1] Zhang Zhizhou

机构地区：[1]北京外国语大学国际关系学院,北京100089

出　　处：《探索与争鸣》2020年第7期126-134,160,共10页Exploration and Free Views

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“中国特色大国外交的话语构建、翻译与传播研究”(17ZDA318);北京高校中国特色社会主义理论研究协同创新中心(北京外国语大学)项目。

摘　　要：在“建设海洋强国”的当下,赢得南海问题国际话语权,对于全面提升中国国际话语权具有一种示范性意义。南海问题上的话语博弈和国际话语权竞争,主体多元,利益内容、政策手段和话语博弈形式多样,各方介入亦程度不同,大致形成了以中国为一方、以美国发挥“领导”作用的另一方之间“一对多”的局面。中国的这种困难处境在菲律宾所提“南海仲裁案”中表现得尤其明显。以美国为首的“外来介入”和“选边站”,都包含有“制衡中国”的意图。南海博弈和国际话语权竞争最主要的矛盾,已经不是在声索国之间,而是在中美之间。虽然目前的话语处境比较被动,但中国在关于南海权益的历史依据、法理依据、地理区位、既有岛礁建设以及与周边国家的权力结构落差等方面都有明显优势,可以在很大程度上化解“外来介入”带来的挑战。深刻地认识话语与权力关系的本质和相互作用的逻辑,可以使中国在南海话语博弈中更好地构建国际规则话语权。由于实力仍然是国际政治最后的语言,只有在实力增长的基础上,中国才能真正赢得南海问题的国际话语权。Considering the national goal of“building a maritime power”currently,to win the international discourse power on the South China Sea issue has a demonstrative implication for comprehensively enhancing China’s international discourse power.The discourse game and the extent and scope of international discourse competition on the South China Sea issue have diversified subjects,varied forms of interest content,policy means and discourse approaches.This“encircled position”of China is reflected especially obvious in the South China Sea arbitration case brought by the Philippines.All the US-led foreign powers who impose“doing external intervention”and“taking sides”on the South China Sea issue have a common intention to“balance China”.The core contradiction of the discourse game on the South China Sea issue is not between the claimants,but between the Us and China.In spite of a adverse position in the discourse power game,the historical basis,legal principles,geographical location and islands’construction as well as structural power gap with neighboring countries are by any means favorable to China,which may dissolve the challenges by“external intervention”.A profound understanding of the nature of the nexus and the logic of interaction between discourse and power can enable China to reshape international rules discourse power on the South China Sea discourse game.Since power remains the last language of international politics,it is only an effective“counterbalance”against the United States depends on the relative power growth,can China truly win the international discourse power on the South China Sea issue.

关 键 词：南海问题 中国国际话语权 话语博弈 历史性权利 域外国家介入 

分 类 号：D823[政治法律—政治学]