生化恐怖主义与冷战后美国防生化武器扩散政策  

Biochemical Terrorism and the U.S.Nonproliferation Policy on Chemical and Biological Weapons in the Post-Cold War Era

作　　者：刘子奎 Liu Zikui

机构地区：[1]华东政法大学政治学与公共管理学院,上海201620

出　　处：《世界经济与政治》2020年第7期35-68,157,共35页World Economics and Politics

摘　　要：冷战后,生化武器与恐怖主义逐步开始结合,恐怖主义掌握生化武器的巨大毁灭性效果成为国际政治和美国国家安全的核心议题之一,恐怖主义及其威胁使防生化武器扩散获得巨大驱动力。在共同反击生化恐怖主义的过程中,美国与国际社会既有合作与协调,也有矛盾和斗争。在这种交互博弈中,美国防生化武器扩散乃至整个防扩散政策开始转型,其方式、手段、范围和对象都出现新变化。冷战后美国防生化武器扩散政策的目的并不单纯,实质上是借防生化武器扩散和反生化恐怖主义之名,行打击削弱敌人或潜在对手之实。其主要从政治和战略考虑出发,以政治制度和意识形态画线,实行集团政治,在指向或目标上基本都是被美国视为敌对国家的国家或潜在对手国家,体现和维护美国及其西方盟友的利益。因而,美国的防扩散政策与行动面临着“越反越恐”和“越防越散”的局面,制造了大量人道主义灾难,促使国际政治中大国竞争的倾向重新出现,催生了新的地区不稳定。Since the end of the Cold War,chemical and biological weapons and terrorism have gradually converged,as terrorism has become one of the core issues of international security and the U.S.national security due to the appalling destruction effects of chemical and biological weapons,while the terrorist threat provides a powerful driving force for preventing the proliferation of chemical and biological weapons.In countering the biochemical terrorism together with the international community,the United States has transformed its nonproliferation policy in terms of its ways,means,scope and objects.While arguing that its nonproliferation policy is under the banner of countering biochemical terrorism,the United States has made great efforts to weaken its enemies and potential opponents.As a result,the United States faces the situation of“more and more terrorism”and“more and more proliferation”,which has caused a large number of humanitarian disasters,led to the re-emergence of the tendency of great powers to compete,and created new regional instability.

关 键 词：生化武器扩散 防扩散政策 恐怖主义 国家安全 

分 类 号：D815[政治法律—国际关系]