减量配施新型基质缓释肥对水稻产量及氮肥利用率的影响  

Effects of reduced application of novel matrix-based slow-release fertilizer on rice grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency

作　　者：杨阳[1] 刘灿华 葛树春 李广斌 董守兵 冯梦喜 钟雯瑾 倪晓宇[1] 刘斌美[1] 林先贵[5] 吴跃进[1] YANG Yang;LIU Canhua;GE Shuchun;LI Guangbin;DONG Shoubing;FENG Mengxi;ZHONG Wenjin;NI Xiaoyu;LIU Binmei;LIN Xiangui;WU Yuejin(Hefei Institutes of Physical Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Hefei 230031;Henan Soil and Fertilizer Station,Zhengzhou 450003;Pingqiao Agricultural Technology Extension Station,Xinyang 464100;Henan Xinlianxin Chemical Industry Group Co.,Ltd.,Xinxiang 453731;Institute of Soil Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 210008)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院,合肥230031 [2]河南省土壤肥料站,郑州450003 [3]河南省信阳市平桥区农业技术推广站,信阳464100 [4]河南心连心化学工业集团股份有限公司,新乡453731 [5]中国科学院南京土壤研究所,南京210008

出　　处：《安徽农业大学学报》2020年第3期442-447,共6页Journal of Anhui Agricultural University

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0301302);国家自然科学基金项目(31601828);中国科学院科技服务网络计划(STS)项目(KFJ-STS-QYZD-008;KFJ-STS-ZDTP-054);安徽省科技重大专项(18030701205)共同资助。

摘　　要：为探究减量配施新型基质缓释肥对水稻(Oryza sativa L.)的影响,通过两年田间试验研究了水稻籽粒产量及氮肥利用率的响应。两年平均结果显示,与全量施用普通肥(180 kg·hm^-2)相比:全量施用缓释肥水稻增产13.4%(P<0.05),植株氮吸收量提高9.1%(P<0.05),氮肥农学效率提高50.4%(P<0.05),氮肥表观利用率提高37.8%(P>0.05);减量10%施用缓释肥水稻增产9.6%(P<0.05),植株氮吸收量提高3.3%(P>0.05),氮肥农学效率提高51.1%(P<0.05),氮肥表观利用率提高26.6%(P>0.05);而在减量10%施用缓释肥的同时以有机肥代替部分化肥,水稻增产11.1%(P<0.05),植株氮吸收量提高7.3%(P>0.05),氮肥农学效率提高57.6%(P<0.05),氮肥表观利用率提高44.8%(P<0.05)。缓释肥处理促进水稻增产增效的原因是其叶面积指数、叶绿素含量、净光合速率、硝酸还原酶和谷氨酰胺合成酶活性较高。综上,基质缓释肥减量10%施用(尤其在配施有机肥条件下)可维持较高的水稻产量和氮肥利用率,在水稻生产中具有应用前景。In order to elucidate the effects of reduced application of novel matrix-based slow-release fertilizer on rice(Oryza sativa L.),a two-year field experiment was conducted to determine the responses of rice grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency.The means from the two-year experiment showed that compared with 100%RF treatment(full application of regular fertilizer,180 kg N·hm^-2),100%SF treatment(full application of slow-release fertilizer)increased rice grain yield by 13.4%(P<0.05),plant N uptake by 9.1%(P<0.05),agronomical efficiency by 50.4%(P<0.05),and recovery efficiency by 37.8%(P>0.05);90%SF treatment(reduced application of slow-release fertilizer)increased rice grain yield by 9.6%(P<0.05),plant N uptake by 3.3%(P>0.05),agronomical efficiency by 51.1%(P<0.05),and recovery efficiency by 26.6%(P>0.05);while 90%SF+OF treatment(added organic fertilizer)increased rice grain yield by 11.1%(P<0.05),plant N uptake by 7.3%(P>0.05),agronomical efficiency by 57.6%(P<0.05),and recovery efficiency by 44.8%(P<0.05).In all the slow-release fertilizer treatments,the greater rice grain yield was largely due to higher leaf area index,chlorophyll concentration,net photosynthetic rate,nitrate reductase,and glutamine synthetase activity.Overall,matrix-based slow-release fertilizer can increase rice grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency,even if its application rate was reduced to 90%of full application rate(especially added organic fertilizer).Therefore,it is a promising option for efficient rice production.

关 键 词：水稻 施肥量 光合 氮肥利用率 新型肥料 

分 类 号：S143.1[农业科学—肥料学]