疫苗的使用方法  

Administration Routes for the Delivery of Vaccines

作　　者：杜虹瑶 沈关心[3] 张连斌 陶娟 DU Hongyao;SHEN Guanxin;ZHANG Lianbin;TAO Juan(Department of Dermatology,Union Hospital,Tongji Medical College,Huazhong University of Science and Technology(HUST),Wuhan 430022,China;Hubei Engineering Research Center for Skin Repair and Theranostics,Wuhan 430022,China;Department of Immunology,Tongji Medical College,HUST,Wuhan 430030,China;Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage(HUST),Ministry of Education,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,HUST,Wuhan 430074,China)

机构地区：[1]华中科技大学同济医学院附属协和医院皮肤科,湖北武汉430022 [2]皮肤修复与诊治技术湖北省工程研究中心,湖北武汉430022 [3]华中科技大学同济医学院免疫学系,湖北武汉430030 [4]华中科技大学化学与化工学院能量转换与存储材料化学教育部重点实验室,湖北武汉430074

出　　处：《皮肤科学通报》2020年第4期346-354,M0003,共10页Dermatology Bulletin

摘　　要：合理的疫苗使用方法是成功进行接种的关键因素。肌肉注射、皮下注射这类有创方法是绝大部分疫苗通常采用的接种方式。近年来,新型皮内递送技术、黏膜免疫与黏膜接种等相关研究快速发展,越来越多的疫苗能够以微创甚至无创的方式用于人体免疫接种,具备良好的发展前景。本文旨在介绍目前疫苗接种所采用的肌肉注射、皮下注射、皮内注射、口服接种以及鼻内接种这几种主要使用方法的历史演变、应用现状和研究进展等。An appropriate administration route for vaccine delivery is the key factor in successful vaccination.Currently,most vaccines are administered by intramuscular or subcutaneous injection.In recent years,significant progress has been made in the studies of novel intradermal delivery systems,mucosal immunity and vaccination.More and more vaccines can be administered in a minimally invasive or non-invasive manner for human immunization and have good development prospects.This review summarizes the historical evolution,application status and research progress of the main routes for the administration of vaccines,including intramuscular injection,subcutaneous injection,intradermal injection,oral inoculation and intranasal inoculation.

关 键 词：疫苗接种 肌肉注射 皮下注射 皮内注射 口服接种 鼻内接种 

分 类 号：R186[医药卫生—流行病学]