恩格斯自然观的实践唯物主义性质及其当代意义  

The Characteristic of Practical Materialism of Engels’s View of Nature and Its Contemporary Significance

作　　者：马拥军 MA Yong-jun(School of Marxism,Fudan University,Shanghai 200433,China)

机构地区：[1]复旦大学马克思主义学院,上海200433

出　　处：《理论探讨》2020年第4期69-76,共8页Theoretical Investigation

基　　金：复旦大学马克思主义学院马克思主义前沿研究项目“马克思主义方法论及其当代意义”阶段性成果。

摘　　要：恩格斯指出,历史不过是追求着自己目的的人的活动而已。这表明:历史就是实践,历史唯物主义和实践唯物主义是一回事。历史唯物主义既是马克思主义社会历史观,又是马克思主义的一般世界观,而体现在恩格斯论述中的马克思主义自然观,不过是实践唯物主义或历史唯物主义世界观的一个专门领域,不能把它混同于马克思主义的一般世界观;相反,只有在实践唯物主义或历史唯物主义视野中,才能准确把握恩格斯自然观的性质,尤其是它对自然科学的依赖性。在恩格斯的语境中,自然科学面对的并不是"自在的"自然界,而是"现实的"自然界。"自在自然"是一个假概念。恩格斯虽然是在19世纪自然科学的视野中研究自然观的,但他的方法迄今为止仍然具有重要的理论意义和迫切的现实意义。Engels once pointed out that"history is nothing but the activity of man pursuing his aims".This shows that history is equal to practice,and thus historical materialism and practical materialism are the same thing.Historical materialism is not only the historical view of societies,but also the general view of the whole world of Marxism.The natural view of Marxism embodied in Engels’discussion is only a special field of practical materialism or historical materialism,which cannot be confused with the general world view of Marxism.On the contrary,only in the perspective of practical materialism or historical materialism can we accurately grasp the essence of Engels’view of nature,especially its dependence on natural science.In Engels’context,natural science is not facing the nature"in itself",but the"real"nature which is the product of human activity."The nature in itself"is a false concept.Though Engels studied the view of nature from the perspective of Natural Science in the 19 th century,his method still has important theoretical significance and urgent practical significance so far.

关 键 词：自然观 实践唯物主义 世界观 自然主义 自在自然 生态文明 

分 类 号：A811[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学]