外引粳稻品种在云南高原的综合评价  

Comprehensive Evaluation of Introduction Japonica Rice Cultivars in Yunnan Plateau Conditions

作　　者：陈于敏[1] 刘吉新[1] 李荣波[2] 张其钢 郑晔 世荣[1] 刘慰华[1] 邹茜[1] 吴志刚 赵国珍[1] CHEN Yu-min;LIU Ji-xin;LI Rong bo;ZHANG Qi-gang;ZHENG Ye;SHI Rong;LIU Wei-hua;ZU Qian;WU Zhi-gang;ZHAO Guo-zhen(Institute of Food Crops,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Yunnan Kunming 650205,China;Kunming Academy of Agricultural Science,Yunnan Kunming 650031,China;Seed Company of Laliang County,Yunnan Laliang 655600,China;Seed Management Station of Lincang City,Yunnan Lincang 677000,China)

机构地区：[1]云南省农业科学院粮食作物研究所,云南昆明650205 [2]昆明市农业科学研究院,云南昆明650031 [3]陆良县种子公司,云南陆良655600 [4]临沧市种子管理站,云南临沧677000

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2020年第7期1345-1351,共7页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：“十三五”国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0100205);云南省科技计划项目(云南省稻作遗传改良重点实验室)。

摘　　要：【目的】以云南粳稻主栽品种为对照,对引进的27个粳稻品种进行农艺性状、稻米品质和稻瘟病抗性评价,以期明确外引品种在高原粳稻遗传改良和生产应用中的价值。【方法】在云南高原不同海拔条件下种植,评价外引粳稻品种的农艺性状;在稻瘟病重发区自然诱发评价稻瘟病抗性;用日本稻米外观品质9级分段法评价稻米外观品质。【结果】在3种海拔条件下种植外引粳稻品种,主要农艺性状品种间存在较大差异。随海拔升高,株高、穗数、穗实粒数、结实率、千粒重、单株产量均不同程度降低。外引品种与云南粳稻品种相比,大多植株较矮,穗粒数较少,千粒重较小,结实率和单株产量较低,而单株穗数差异不显著,稻米外观品质较好,稻瘟病抗性较强。参试品种划分为5个类群,62%的引进粳稻属于同一类群,6个引进粳稻与2个云南品种划分为同一类群。【结论】大部分外引粳稻品种难以在云南生产上直接利用,但一些优良性状可以作为云南高原粳稻品种改良的优异资源。外引粳稻品种的利用,对于拓宽云南粳稻育种的遗传基础,增加云南粳稻品种的遗传多样性具有重要意义。【Objective】In order to clear the application value in Yunnan,the agronomic traits,rice quality and blast resistance of 27 introduction japonica rice cultivars were evaluated with two check cultivars that are main rice cultivar present in Yunnan.【Method】The agronomic traits were evaluated under different altitude conditions in Yunnan plateau.The rice blast resistance was identified in the area of rice blast occurrence seriously.The rice quality was evaluated according the 9 level method of appearance quality in Japan【Result】The agronomic traits were significant differences among cultivars which were planted in three different conditions.Plant height,panicle numbers,filled spikelet number,seed setting rate,1000-grain weight,grain weight per plant were decreased in varying degrees along with increasing altitude.There were the shorter plant height,the less filled spikelet number,the smaller 1000-grain weigh,the poorer seed setting rate and the lower plant grain weight of most introduction cultivars comparing with Yunnan cultivars.The number of plant panicle were not significant different from each other.Rice quality and blast resistance of introduction cultivars were better than Yunnan cultivars.All of test cultivars were divided to five groups,of 62%of introduction cultivars belonged to the same group,then two Yunnan cultivars and 6 introduction cultivars divided into the same group.【Conclusion】It is difficult for the most introduction cultivars to be directly used in the production in Yunnan.However some excellent characters are useful in Yunnan japonica rice cultivar improvement program.Using introduction japonica rice was significantly important for extending the genetic base and increasing the genetic diversity of Yunnan rice cultivar.

关 键 词：外引品种 粳稻 云南 农艺性状 稻米品质 稻瘟病抗性 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]