野蚕豆根根腐病原菌、生物学特性及其有效杀菌剂研究  

Identification,Biological Characteristics and Fungicides Screening of Pathogen on Root-rot Disease in Centranthera grandiflora

作　　者：孔琼[1] 袁盛勇[1] 郭建伟[1] 周银丽[1] 薛春丽[1] 李珣[1] 罗武华 KONG Qiong;YUAN Sheng-yong;GUO Jian-wei;ZHOU Yin-li;XUE Chun-li;LI Xun;LUO Wu-hua(College of life Science and Technology/Key Laboratory for Research and Utilization of Characteristic Biological Resources in Southern Yunnan,Yunnan Higher Education Institutions,Honghe University,Yunnan Mengzi 661199,China)

机构地区：[1]红河学院生命科学与技术学院/云南省高校滇南特色生物资源研究与利用重点实验室,云南蒙自661199

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2020年第7期1480-1485,共6页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31260062);云南省科技厅项目(三区人才服务);云南省地方本科高校(部分)基础研究联合专项资金项目;红河学院生物学重点建设学科建设项目。

摘　　要：【目的】本文研究了野蚕豆根的一种根部病害,明确了引起该病病原菌的种类和生物学特性,并筛选出防治该病的有效药剂。【方法】运用形态学对引起该病的病原进行鉴定,采用菌丝生长速率、产孢量大小和孢子萌发率测定了该病菌的生物学特性,采用平皿测定了10种杀菌剂对该病原菌的室内抑菌效果。【结果】野蚕豆根的根腐病病原菌为茄病镰孢蓝色变种[Fusarium solani var.coeruleum(Sacc.)Booth];适合病菌生长的培养基为PSA;菌丝生长和产孢最适温度25℃;湿度对孢子萌发率具有较大影响,湿度越高,萌发率越高;菌丝生长和产孢的pH为7~8;菌落生长和产孢的最适碳源为可溶性淀粉,菌落扩展的最适氮源是硝酸钾,产孢最适氮源为硫酸铵;连续光照有利菌丝生长和产孢;病原菌分生孢子致死温度为55℃、10 min;10种杀菌剂对野蚕豆根根腐病原的毒力从大到小为尚果>应得>扑海因>灰灭>甲基托布津>灵动>黑白立消>保丽丹>保亮>翠贝,其中尚果(三唑类)、应得(三唑类)和扑海因(二甲酰亚胺类)3种杀菌剂的抑菌活性较强。【结论】首次确定了引起野蚕豆根根腐病的病原为茄病镰孢蓝色变种Fusarium solani var.coeruleum,获得了影响该菌生长的营养物质种类和环境因素,并筛选出抑菌效果较好的杀菌剂分别为400 g/L氟硅唑、24%腈苯唑和50%异菌脲。【Objective】This paper aimed to identify the pathogen causing root rot disease of Centranthera grandiflora,determine facts affecting growth of pathogen,and obtain effective fungicides against the disease.【Method】The pathogen was identified by morphology.The biological characteristics of the pathogen were determined by mycelial growth rate,spore yield and spore germination rate,and ten kinds of fungicides against the pathogen by plate method in laboratary were screened.【Result】The pathogen of root rot disease in Centranthera grandiflora was Fusarium solani var.coeruleum(Sacc.)Booth;the optimal medium for growth of Fusarium solani var.coeruleum was PSA;the optimal temperature for mycelial growth and sporulation was 25℃;The germination rates of spores could increase with adding humidity,the higher the humidity was,the higher the germination rate was;The suitable range of pH on mycelial growth and sporulation was 7-8;The optimum carbon sources for mycelial growth and sporulation was soluble starch;The optimum nitrogen sources for mycelial growth was potassium nitrate;the optimum nitrogen sources for sporulation was ammonium sulfate;The continuous illumination was good for mycelial growth and sporulation;The lethal temperature of conidia was 55℃for 10 min.Indoor toxicity tests of ten fungicides demonstrated that the bioactivity against Fusarium solani var.coeruleum were:flusilazole>fenbuconazole>iprodione>chlorothalonil>thiophanate-methyl>difenoconazole>myclobutanil>carbendazin>bpolyoxin>kresoxin-methyl,and the flusilazole(groups of triazole),fenbuconazole(groups of triazole)and iprodione(groups of dicarboximides)were most effective to Fusarium solani var.coeruleum.【Conclusion】This study was the first report about root rot of Centranthera grandiflora and caused by Fusarium solani var.coeruleum.The kinds of nutrients and environmental factors affecting growth of pathogen were obtained,and 400 g/L Flusilazole,24%Fenbuconazole and 50%Iprodione were the best fungicides against Fusarium sp..These data wo

关 键 词：野蚕豆根 根腐病 鉴定 生物学特性 杀菌剂 

分 类 号：Q567[生物学—生物化学]