北方寒区农业废弃物和复合菌剂与牛粪混合堆肥的无害化处理效果  

Harmless Treatment Effect of Mixed Composting of Agricultural Waste Compound Bacteria and Cow Manure in the Cold Region of North China

作　　者：怀宝东[1] 隋文志[1] 赵晓锋[1] 闫凤超[1] 李佩然[1] 隋新 李佩珊 Huai Baodong;Sui Wenzhi;Zhao Xiaofeng;Yan Fengchao;Li Peiran;Sui Xin;Li Peishan(Heilongjiang Academy of Land Reclamation Sciences,Harbin150038;Northeast Agricultural University)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省农垦科学院,哈尔滨150038 [2]东北农业大学

出　　处：《黑龙江八一农垦大学学报》2020年第4期1-7,共7页journal of heilongjiang bayi agricultural university

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划课题(2013BAD07B01);国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项课题(2015ZX07201-008);黑龙江农垦总局科技支撑计划(HNK135-02-09)。

摘　　要：为优化北方寒冷地区规模化养牛场粪便无害化处理技术,于2016年秋季,以新鲜牛粪为原料设置了不同种类调理剂、不同的环境温度和是否接种菌剂等处理实验。结果表明:牛粪与不同调理剂在常温条件(10~25℃)和低温条件(-5~10℃)下都能完成无害化处理过程,常温条件下无害化处理进程较快。以玉米秸秆为调理剂的无害化处理产品中全磷、全钾含量显著高于以稻壳为调理剂的堆肥混合物(P<0.05)。不同环境温度对无害化处理产品的全氮含量影响差异显著(P<0.05),低温条件下进行牛粪无害化处理有利于减少氮流失。常温条件下,添加稻壳的牛粪无害化产品中的细菌、真菌和放线菌数量显著高于添加玉米秸秆;低温条件下,添加玉米秸秆牛粪无害化产品中的细菌、真菌和放线菌数量显著高于添加稻壳。添加不同调理剂的堆肥产品浸出液在稀释50倍的情况下可提高油菜种子发芽率。微生物菌剂的调理剂能促进堆肥前期快速升温,在后期的无害化处理中,菌剂的作用不明显。由此可见,调理剂的选择要根据环境条件和应用目的而定,环境温度低于-5℃,需采取保温措施完成牛粪无害化处理过程。In order to optimize the fecal harmless treatment technology of large-scale cattle raising in the cold region of north China,in the fall of 2016,fresh cow dung was used as raw material to set up different kinds of conditioning agent,different ambient temperature and whether or not to inoculate bacteria agent treatment experiments.The results showed that cow dung and different regulators could complete the harmless treatment process at room temperature(10-25℃)and low temperature(-5-10℃),and the harmless treatment process was faster at room temperature.The content of total phosphorus and total potassium in the harmless treatment with corn straw as conditioner was significantly higher than that in the composting mixture with rice husk as conditioner(P<0.05).The effect of different ambient temperatures on total nitrogen content of harmless treatment products was significantly different(P<0.05).Harmless treatment of cow dung at low temperature was beneficial to reduce nitrogen loss.At room temperature,the number of bacteria,fungi and actinomycetes in the harmless products with rice husks was significantly higher than that with corn stalks;under low temperature,the number of bacteria,fungi and actinomycetes in the harmless products with corn straw and cow dung was significantly higher than that with rice husk.The composting product leaching solution with different regulators could promote the germination rate of rape seeds when diluted by 50 times.The conditioner of microbial agent could promote the rapid heating in the early stage of composting,but the effect of microbial agent was not obvious in the later stage of harmless treatment.Thus it could be seen that the selection of conditioner should be based on environmental conditions and application purposes.If the ambient temperature was lower than-5℃,it was necessary to take heat preservation measures to complete the harmless treatment process of cow dung.

关 键 词：寒区 牛粪 作物秸秆 堆肥 无害化处理 

分 类 号：Q78[生物学—分子生物学]