优化小豆产量及产量性状的NPK肥模型研究  

Study on model of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilization to optimize the yield and yield traits of adzuki bean

作　　者：肖焕玉 郝曦煜 梁杰[1] 王英杰[1] 郭文云 XIAO Huan-yu;HAO Xi-yu;LIANG Jie;WANG Ying-jie;GUO Wen-yun(Baicheng Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Baicheng Jilin 137000)

机构地区：[1]吉林省白城市农业科学院,吉林白城137000

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2020年第4期115-123,共9页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：国家食用豆产业技术体系小豆育种岗位(CARS08-G4);白城市科技发展计划项目“优质、抗旱小豆新品种选育及配套栽培技术研究”(201905)。

摘　　要：小豆的主要产区在东北、华北等地区,因氮、磷、钾施肥量不平衡导致小豆产量较低。为研究小豆对3种元素的需求规律,探索氮、磷、钾的最佳施肥量及其配比,本试验采用三因素二次回归正交旋转设计,研究肥料配施对小豆产量的影响。结果表明,调整氮、磷、钾施肥量及配比能够显著提高小豆产量,当N∶P2O5∶K2O=1∶0.55∶0.98(N:76.6 kg/hm^2)时,产量达到最大(2 096.7 kg/hm^2);当N∶P2O5∶K2O=1∶0.53∶0.86(N:64.3kg/hm^2)时,经济效益最佳(12 432.73元/hm^2)。氮、磷、钾元素对小豆产量互作效应表现为随氮、磷和氮、钾施肥量的增加而逐渐升高至最高点后缓慢降低,随磷、钾施肥量的增加表现出缓慢增加至最高点后迅速下降。随氮、钾施用量的增加,小豆单株荚数表现为先增长后下降,试验范围内磷施用量对小豆单株荚数的影响表现为直线增长;3种元素对小豆单荚粒数影响不大,证明小豆单荚粒数是由品种本身特性决定的;小豆的百粒重随3种肥料的增施而增加。The main producing area of adzuki bean is in northeast and north of China.The low yield of adzuki bean is caused by unbalance nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilization.In order to explore the needs and the best fertilization of the three elements,quadratic orthogonal regressive rotation design of three factors was applied to study the effects of fertilizers on the yield.The results showed that the yield was increased by adjusting proportioning and dosage of fertilizers,when N∶P2O5∶K2O=1∶0.55∶0.98(N:76.6 kg/hm^2),the maximum yield was 2096.7 kg/hm^2;when N∶P2O5∶K2O=1∶0.53∶0.86(N:64.3 kg/hm^2),the best economic benefit was 12432.73 yuan/hm^2.The interaction effect of the three elements on the yield showed that it increased to the peak gradually then decreased gradually by increasing N and P or P and K fertilization,and it increased gradually then decreased rapidly by increasing P and K fertilization.Pods per plant of adzuki bean rose then fell with increasing N or K fertilization,and it kept on increasing with P fertilization increased in the range of the experiment.The three elements had little effect on seeds of per pod of adzuki bean,which proved that was self-determined by the cultivar.100-seed weight increased with increasing the N,P and K fertilization.

关 键 词：小豆 产量 产量因素 施肥 氮磷钾 模型 

分 类 号：S521[农业科学—作物学]