政策工具视角下我国基本药物政策的文本量化分析  

Textual Quantitative Analysis of Essential Medicine Policy Texts in China from the Perspective of Policy Instruments

作　　者：赵李洋 胡善菊[1] ZHAO Liyang;HU Shanju(School of Management,Weifang Medical University“/Healthy Shandong”Major Social Risk Forecast and Governance Collaborative Innovation Center,Shangdong Weifang 261053,China)

机构地区：[1]潍坊医学院管理学院/“健康山东”重大社会风险预测与治理协同创新中心,山东潍坊261053

出　　处：《中国药房》2020年第16期1926-1930,共5页China Pharmacy

基　　金：山东省软科学研究计划项目(No.2018RKB14039);山东省自然科学基金资助项目(No.ZR2019MG028);山东省人文社会科学课题(No.19-ZZ-GL-03);中华医学会医学教育分会、中国高等教育学会医学教育专业委员会医学教育研究立项课题(No.2018BN10001)。

摘　　要：目的:总结我国基本药物政策实施至今(2009-2019年)的关键因素及其不足,为我国基本药物后续政策的制定和完善提供参考。方法:通过国家卫生健康委官方网站和中国政府网等政府官网以及其他政策检索网站,以"基本药物"为关键词,搜集相关政策文本。运用Rothwell分类方法构建基本药物政策分析框架,采用Excel 2013软件将政策文本内容进行分类编码,并将编码归类至基本药物相关政策分析框架;运用SPSS 22.0软件对数据进行描述性分析,根据数据分布特点分析基本药物政策,解释其结果,并提出相应建议。结果:共筛选获得15篇基本药物政策文本。基本药物政策分析框架的X维度为供给型、环境型、需求型等3类政策工具,Y维度为可及性、质量、合理使用等3个政策目标。X维度中上述3类政策工具的使用频率分别为20.12%、66.46%、13.41%,以环境型政策工具使用最频繁;Y维度中上述3个目标的使用频率分别为43.90%、32.93%、23.17%,可及性目标使用频率最高。检验结果显示,X维度在Y维度的使用频率中的差异有统计学意义(χ^2=11.719,P=0.025<0.05)。结论:不同基本药物政策工具的使用频率有差异,需降低环境型政策工具使用频率;政策工具内部结构有差异,应优化供给型政策工具配置并重视需求型政策工具建设。建议增强基本药物可及性,强化基本药物目录与医保目录的衔接度;注重药品质量,加强药品质量监管;明确基本药物合理使用范围,强化国家药品监督管理局等政府有关部门的监督职责。OBJECTIVE:To summarize key factors and shortcomings of essential medicine policy in China from 2009-2019,and to provide reference for the formulation and improvement of follow-up policy.METHODS:Through the official websites such as National Health Commission and Chinese government website,as well as other policy searching websites,using"essential medicine"as keywords,related policy texts were collected.Rothwell classification method was used to construct the analysis framework of essential medicine policy.The contents of policy texts were classified and coded by Excel 2013 software,and the codes were classified into the essential medicine related policy analysis framework.The descriptive analysis was carried out by SPSS 22.0 software,and the essential medicine policy was analyzed according to data distribution characteristics,and the results were explained.Corresponding suggestions were put forward.RESULTS:A total of 15 essential medicine policy texts were screened and obtained.X-dimension of the analysis framework of essential medicine policy included 3 types of basic policy tools,i.e.supply-oriented,environment-oriented and demand-oriented tools;Y-dimension was the essential medicine policy objectives of accessibility,quality and rational use.From X-dimension,the frequencies of above 3 basic policy tools use were 20.12%,66.46%,13.41%,and the environmental policy tools were the most frequently used;from Y-dimension,the frequencies of above3 objectives were 43.90%,32.93%,23.17%,the frequency of accessibility was the highest.The test results showed that there was statistical significance in the use frequency of X-dimension in Y-dimension(χ^2=11.719,P=0.025<0.05).CONCLUSIONS:The use frequency ratio of different essential medicine policy tools is different,so it is necessary to reduce the frequency ratio of environmental policy tools;there are differences in the internal structure of policy tools,so it is necessary to optimize the structural allocation among policy tools,and pay attention to the construction of dem

关 键 词：基本药物政策 政策工具 文本量化分析 

分 类 号：R95[医药卫生—药学]