日本农业结构变革及对当前中国农业转型的启示  

Japa n’s agricultural structure reform and its enlightenment to Chin a’s current agricultural transformation

作　　者：姜彦坤 赵继伦[1] Jiang Yankun;Zhao Jilun

机构地区：[1]东北师范大学政法学院,长春130117 [2]黑龙江八一农垦大学经济管理学院,大庆163319

出　　处：《世界农业》2020年第8期50-56,66,140,共9页World Agriculture

基　　金：黑龙江八一农垦大学校内培育课题资助计划“黑龙江垦区民营养老企业收益影响因素研究”(XRW2016-05)。

摘　　要：农业现代化建设是一个长期的、艰巨的过程,其内涵和目标具有阶段性。随着社会生产力的发展和农业实践的推进,中国农业现代化内涵经历了一个从形成到不断拓展和深化的过程,发展战略逐步成熟。日本在快速的城市化进程中并没有出现过度的农用地非农化现象,较好地处理了农业结构调整中农用地破坏现象,能够基本实现农用地保护与城市化扩张的协调兼顾,这对协调当前中国城镇化发展与农用地保护关系具有重要的借鉴意义。日本通过不断调整农业结构有力地推动了农业转型,中国与日本农情相似,在农业现代化的道路上同样面临着人口老龄化、劳动力流失、耕地非农化等问题,通过分析日本农业结构变革的实践经验,从其城市化过程中的农用地保护、农业人口高龄化危机应对中得出对中国当前农业转型升级的启示,包括引导社会资本投资农业,完善农业社会化服务体系;合理引导土地流转,促进新型农业经营主体培育;创新农业经营方式,发展农业新业态等。The construction of agricultural modernization is a long-term and arduous process,and its connotation and goals have stages.With the development of social productivity and the advancement of agricultural practice,the connotation of agricultural modernization in China has gone through a process from formation to continuous expansion and deepening.The strategy gradually matures.In the rapid urbanization process,Japan has not experienced excessive agricultural land non-agriculturalization.It has dealt with the phenomenon of agricultural land destruction in the adjustment of agricultural structure,and can basically achieve the coordination of agricultural land protection and urbanization expansion.This pair of coordination The current relationship between the development of urbanization in China and the protection of agricultural land has important implications.Japan has continuously promoted the transformation and upgrading of agriculture through continuous adjustment of agricultural structure and the implementation of the strategy of six industrialization of agriculture.China and Japan have similar agricultural conditions.They are also facing the problems of population aging,labor loss,and non-agriculturalization of cultivated land on the road of agricultural modernization.By analyzing the practical experience of the transformation of Japanese agricultural structure,from the agricultural land protection in the process of urbanization.In response to the aging population crisis,we have drawn enlightenment on Chin a’s current agricultural transformation and upgrading,including guiding social capital to invest in agriculture and improving the agricultural socialization service system;rationally guiding land transfer and promoting the cultivation of new agricultural management entities;and innovating agricultural management methods.

关 键 词：日本农业结构变革 农业转型升级 农业现代化 启示 

分 类 号：F32[经济管理—产业经济]